< Reconstruction:Proto-Semitic
Reconstruction:Proto-Semitic/ʕayn-
Proto-Semitic
Inflection
Declension of *ʕayn-
Case | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Nominative | *ʕaynum | *ʕaynāna | plural stem + *-ūna | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Genitive | *ʕaynim | *ʕaynayna | plural stem + *-īna | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Accusative | *ʕaynam | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
possessive forms | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
1st person | *ʕaynī / *ʕaynVya | — | *ʕaynVni | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2nd person m | *ʕaynVka | *ʕaynVkumā / *ʕaynVkumay | *ʕaynVkum(ū) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2nd person f | *ʕaynVki | *ʕaynVkin(ā) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
3rd person m | *ʕaynVšu | *ʕaynVšumā / *ʕaynVšumay | *ʕaynVšum(ū) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
3rd person f | *ʕaynVša | *ʕaynVšin(ā) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Note: the endings -m and -na are dropped in the bound form, which may also undergo syncopation of an unstressed final vowel where possible.
Note: the ending -V before the possessive endings responds to case: *ʕaynuya for nom. case, *ʕayniya for gen. case, *ʕaynaya for acc. case, etc. Declension of 2sg m. possessive form (your/thy m.) *ʕayn-
Declension of 2sg f. possessive form (your/thy f.) *ʕayn-
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Declension of *ʕayn-
Case | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nominative | *ʕaynum | *ʕaynāna | *ʕaynātum | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Genitive | *ʕaynim | *ʕaynayna | *ʕaynātim | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Accusative | *ʕaynam | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
possessive forms | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
1st person | *ʕaynī / *ʕaynVya | — | *ʕaynVni | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2nd person m | *ʕaynVka | *ʕaynVkumā / *ʕaynVkumay | *ʕaynVkum(ū) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2nd person f | *ʕaynVki | *ʕaynVkin(ā) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
3rd person m | *ʕaynVšu | *ʕaynVšumā / *ʕaynVšumay | *ʕaynVšum(ū) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
3rd person f | *ʕaynVša | *ʕaynVšin(ā) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Note: the endings -m and -na are dropped in the bound form, which may also undergo syncopation of an unstressed final vowel where possible.
Note: the ending -V before the possessive endings responds to case: *ʕaynuya for nom. case, *ʕayniya for gen. case, *ʕaynaya for acc. case, etc. Declension of 2sg m. possessive form (your/thy m.) *ʕayn-
Declension of 2sg f. possessive form (your/thy f.) *ʕayn-
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Descendants
- East Semitic:
- West Semitic:
- Central Semitic:
- Arabic: عَيْن (ʕayn)
- Northwest Semitic:
- Old South Arabian:
- Ethiopian Semitic:
- Central Semitic:
References
- Kogan, Leonid (2015) Genealogical Classification of Semitic. The Lexical Isoglosses, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, →ISBN
- Huehnergard, John (2019) “Proto-Semitic”, in Huehnergard, John and Na'ama Pat-El, editors, The Semitic Languages, 2nd edition, Routledge, →ISBN
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