< Reconstruction:Proto-Semitic

Reconstruction:Proto-Semitic/šaḥ(a)r-

This Proto-Semitic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Semitic

Noun

*šaḥ(a)r- m

  1. dawn, morning

Inflection
Declension of *šaḥ(a)r-
Case Singular Dual Plural
Nominative *šaḥ(a)rum *šaḥ(a)rāna plural stem + *-ūna
Genitive *šaḥ(a)rim *šaḥ(a)rayna plural stem + *-īna
Accusative *šaḥ(a)ram
possessive forms
1st person *šaḥ(a)rī / *šaḥ(a)rVya — *šaḥ(a)rVni
2nd person m *šaḥ(a)rVka *šaḥ(a)rVkumā / *šaḥ(a)rVkumay *šaḥ(a)rVkum(ū)
2nd person f *šaḥ(a)rVki *šaḥ(a)rVkin(ā)
3rd person m *šaḥ(a)rVšu *šaḥ(a)rVšumā / *šaḥ(a)rVšumay *šaḥ(a)rVšum(ū)
3rd person f *šaḥ(a)rVša *šaḥ(a)rVšin(ā)
Note: the endings -m and -na are dropped in the bound form, which may also undergo syncopation of an unstressed final vowel where possible.

Note: the ending -V before the possessive endings responds to case: *šaḥ(a)ruya for nom. case, *šaḥ(a)riya for gen. case, *šaḥ(a)raya for acc. case, etc.

Declension of 2sg m. possessive form (your/thy m.) *šaḥ(a)r-
Singular Dual Plural
Nominative *šaḥ(a)ruka *šaḥ(a)rāka plural stem + *-ūka
Genitive *šaḥ(a)rika *šaḥ(a)rayka plural stem + *-īka
Accusative *šaḥ(a)raka
Declension of 2sg f. possessive form (your/thy f.) *šaḥ(a)r-
Singular Dual Plural
Nominative *šaḥ(a)ruki *šaḥ(a)rāki plural stem + *-ūki
Genitive *šaḥ(a)riki *šaḥ(a)rayki plural stem + *-īki
Accusative *šaḥ(a)raki

Descendants
  • East Semitic:
    • Akkadian: 𒀉𒄘𒍣𒂵 (šērum)
    • Eblaite: 𒋛𒂗𒈝 (si-EN-lum /⁠šiḥrum⁠/, “dawn”)
  • West Semitic:
    • Central Semitic:
      • Arabic: سَحَر (saḥar)
      • Northwest Semitic:
        • Aramaic:
          Jewish Palestinian Aramaic: [script needed] (šaḥrā)
        • Canaanite:
        • Ugaritic: 𐎌𐎈𐎗 (šḥr)
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