< Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian

Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/yákr̥

This Proto-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Iranian

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *yákr̥ ~ *yaknáh (“liver”).

Noun

yákr̥ ~ *yaxnáh[1]

  1. liver

Derived terms
  • *yáxnyaH[2][3] (+ *-yaH)
    • Proto-Pathan: *yixnʲā
    • Proto-Shughni-Yazghulami-Munji: *yēxn
      • Proto-Munji-Yidgha: *yēɣn
        • Yidgha: ییغن (yēγᵊn)
  • *yákr̥nah[4] (+ *-nah)
    • Proto-Scythian: *yagarni
      • Proto-Saka-Wakhi: *ɣ́agarri[5]
        • Khotanese: [script needed] (gyagarrä)

Descendants
  • Central Iranian:
    • Younger Avestan: 𐬫𐬁𐬐𐬀𐬭𐬆 (yākarə) (lectio difficilior of *yakarə[6])
  • Northeastern Iranian:
    • Proto-Scythian: *yagar
      • Proto-Ossetic: *igar
    • Sogdian: (/⁠yakarē⁠/)
      Sogdian script: 𐼷𐼸𐽀𐼷 (ykry)
      Syriac script: [Syriac needed] (yqry)
  • Southeastern Iranian:
    • Ormuri: ځاݭر (źāśr)
  • Northwestern Iranian:
    • Baluchi: جگر (jagar, jigar)
    • Kurdish:
      Central Kurdish: جەرگ (ǰarg)
      Northern Kurdish: cerg (ǰarg), ceger (ǰagar)
    • Proto-Medo-Parthian:
      • Gurani: یەھەر (yahar)
      • Old Azari: جگر (ǰigar)
        • Harzani: جیگر (ǰīgar)
        • Karingani: جیگر (ǰīgar)
  • Southwestern Iranian:
    • Middle Persian: (/⁠ǰagar⁠/)
      Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (ykl)
      • Lurish:
        Northern Luri: جیاْر (jiar)
        Bakhtiari: جییر (jīyar)
      • Classical Persian: جگر (ǰigar) (see there for further descendants)
        • Dari: جگر (ǰigar)
        • Iranian Persian: جگر (ǰegar)
        • Tajik: ҷигар (jigar)
        • → Munji: جگر (jigar)
        • → Parachi: جگر (jigar)
        • → Pashto: ځګر (źigar), ځيګر (źīgar), جګر (jigar)

References
  1. Rastorgujeva, V. S., Edelʹman, D. I. (2000–) “*i̯akar-, *i̭ak-r- / i̯ak-n- > *i̯ax-n-”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, pages 438-44
  2. Morgenstierne, Georg (1938) “'yēγən”, in Iranian Pamir Languages (Yidgha-Munji, Sanglechi-Ishkashmi and Wakhi) (Indo-Iranian Frontier Languages), volume II, Oslo: H. Aschehoug & Co., page 112: “*yaxnya-”
  3. Morgenstierne, Georg (2003) “y'əna”, in Elfenbein, J., MacKenzie, D. N., Sims-Williams, Nicholas, editors, A New Etymological Vocabulary of Pashto (Beitrage Zur Iranistik; 23), Weisbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert, →ISBN: “*yaxniyā-”
  4. Schmitt, Rüdiger, editor (1989), Compendium Linguarum Iranicarum‎, Wiesbaden: Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 214: “*yakr̥na-”
  5. Kümmel, Martin Joachim (2016) Einführung ins Ostmitteliranische [Introduction to East-Central Iranian]‎ (in German), Jena: Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, page 17: “*ɣ́aɣarr-”
  6. de Vaan, Michiel (2003) Beekes, R.S.P., Lubotsky, A., Weitenberg, J.J.S., editors, The Avestan Vowels (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 12), Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, pages 68-69
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