< Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian

Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/xšwiptah

This Proto-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Iranian

Etymology

Of unknown origin.[1] Not related to *xšwīd-[2].

Noun

*xšwiptah[3][4][5][6]

  1. milk
    Synonyms: *páyHah, *páyHmā, *xšiHrám

Derived terms
  • *xšwiptakah (“milky, sweet”)
    • Middle Persian: 𐫢𐫏𐫜𐫤𐫃 (šyftg /⁠šiftag⁠/)
      • ⇒ Middle Persian: [Book Pahlavi needed] (špt'twk' /⁠šiftālūg⁠/, “peach”)
    • Parthian: 𐫢𐫏𐫜𐫤𐫃 (šyftg /⁠šiftag⁠/)
    • Sogdian: 𐼰𐼲𐽁𐼷𐼱𐽂𐼸 (ʾɣšyβtk), 𐼰𐼲𐽁𐼷𐼱𐽂𐼷 (ʾɣšyβty /⁠ᵊxšiβdē⁠/)
Unsorted formations
  • Kurdish:
    Central Kurdish: شووتی (şûtî)
    Northern Kurdish: şiftî
  • *xšwiptiH (“milk”)
    • Sogdo-Bactrian:
      • Khwarezmian: [script needed] (xwfcy /⁠xuβği⁠/)
      • Sogdian: (/⁠ᵊxšiβdi⁠/)
        Brahmi script: 𑀳𑁆𑀰𑁅𑀟𑀺 (hṣawdʰi), 𑀳𑁆𑀰𑁅𑀝𑀺 (hṣawṯi)
        Old Sogdian script: 𐼀𐼄𐼙𐼊𐼂𐼚𐼊 (ʾɣšyβty)
    • Ormuri: [script needed] (šīpī)

Descendants
  • Central Iranian:
    • Avestan: 𐬑𐬱𐬎𐬎𐬌𐬞𐬙𐬀 (xšuuipta)
  • Northeastern Iranian:
    • Khotanese: [script needed] (ṣvīdä)
    • Proto-Sogdic:
      • Sogdian: (/⁠ᵊxšiβd(a)⁠/)
        Manichaean script: 𐫑𐫢𐫏𐫂𐫤 (xšyβt)
        Sogdian script: 𐼰𐼲𐽁𐼷𐼱𐽂 (ʾɣšyβt), 𐼰𐼶𐽁𐼰𐼷𐼱𐽂 (ʾxšʾyβt)
      • Yagnobi: хшифт (xⁱšift)
  • Southeastern Iranian:
    • Pashto: شيدې (šidé), شودې (šodé)
    • Proto-Shughni-Yazghulami-Munji:
      • Yidgha: [script needed] (xᵘšuvd)
      • Proto-Shughni-Yazghulami:
        • Proto-Shughni-Roshani:
          • Sarikoli: x̌ewd
          • Shughni: х̌ӯвд (x̌ūvd), хувд (xuvd)
        • Yazghulami: х̌̊овд (x̌̊ovd), х̌̊овод (x̌̊ovod)
  • Northwestern Iranian:
    • Old Median:
      • Middle Median:
        • Sivandi: šet
        • Proto-Tatic:
          • Talysh:
            Arabic script: شت
            Latin script: şət
          • Old Tati:
            • Harzani: شت (šet)
            • Karingani: شت (šēt)
      • Semnani: [script needed] (šet), [script needed] (šat)
    • Parthian: (/⁠šift⁠/)
      Manichaean script: 𐫢𐫏𐫜𐫎 (šyfṯ), 𐫢𐫏𐫜𐫤 (šyft)
      • → Middle Persian: (/⁠šift⁠/) (reborrowing[7])
        Manichaean script: 𐫢𐫏𐫜𐫤 (šyft)
    • Proto-Zaza-Gorani:
      • Gurani: شۆت (šōt)
      • Zazaki: şıt, şıd

References
  1. Romain Garnier, Laurent Sagart, Benoît Sagot. Milk and the Indo-Europeans. Martine Robeets; Alexander Savalyev Language Dispersal Beyond Farming, John Benjamins Publishing Company, p.307, 2017, 978 90 272 1255 9.
  2. Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992–2001) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎ (in German), Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 453
  3. Bryant F., Edwin with Patton, Laurie L. (2005) The Indo-Aryan Controversy: Evidence and Inference in Indian History, London and New York: Routledge, →ISBN, page 218
  4. Asatrian, Garnik (2009) “Prolegomena to the Study of the Kurds”, in Iran and the Caucasus, volume 13, number 1, Leiden: Brill, →DOI, →ISSN, page 33
  5. Garnik S. Asatrian (1995) “DIMLĪ”, in Encyclopædia Iranica, online edition, New York
  6. Novák, Ľubomír (2013) Problem of Archaism and Innovation in the Eastern Iranian Languages (PhD dissertation)‎, Prague: Univerzita Karlova v Praze, filozofická fakulta, page 183
  7. The template Template:R:ira:Henning:1937 does not use the parameter(s): 
    1=88
    Please see Module:checkparams for help with this warning.    Henning, W. (1937) “A List of Middle-Persian and Parthian Words”, in Bulletin of the School of Oriental Studies, University of London‎, volume 9, number 1, Cambridge University Press, →JSTOR
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