< Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian

Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/hižwáHkaH

This Proto-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Iranian

Etymology

From *hižwáH +‎ *-kaH.

Noun

*hižwáHkaH f[1][2]

  1. tongue

Inflection
aH-stem
singular dual plural
nominative *hižwáHkaH *hižwáHkay *hižwáHkāh
vocative *hižwáHkay *hižwáHkay *hižwáHkāh
accusative *hižwáHkām *hižwáHkay *hižwáHkāh
instrumental *hižwáHkayaH *hižwáHkaHbyā *hižwáHkaHbiš
ablative *hižwáHkayaHh *hižwáHkaHbyā *hižwáHkaHbyah
dative *hižwáHkayaHy *hižwáHkaHbyā *hižwáHkaHbyah
genitive *hižwáHkayaHh *hižwáHkāyāh *hižwáHkaHnām
locative *hižwáHkayaH *hižwáHkāyaw *hižwáHkaHsu

Descendants
  • Northeastern
    • Ossetian: ӕвзаг (ævzag)
    • Proto-Saka-Wakhi:
      • Khotanese: [script needed] (biśā /⁠βiźā⁠/)
      • Wakhi: zik, zīk
    • Sogdo-Bactrian:
      • Bactrian: εζϐαγο (ezbago /⁠əzβāg⁠/)
      • Khwarezmian: زڤاک (zᵘβ’k /⁠zuβā́g⁠/), ازڤاک (’zβ’k /⁠əzβā́g⁠/)
      • Proto-Sogdic: *hizβā́kā
        • Sogdian: (/zβāk, ᵊzβāk/}
          Buddhist: [script needed] (zβʾk), [script needed] (ʾzβʾʾk)
          Christian: ܙܒܐܩ (zβʾq)
          Manichaean: 𐫉𐫂𐫀𐫐 (zβʾk)
        • Yagnobi: зивок (zⁱvṓk)
  • Southeastern Iranian:
    • Proto-Pathan:
      • Pashto: ژبه (žë́ba), جبه (jë́ba), زبه (zë́ba), ژېبه (žébá); ژبه (žəbba)
      • Waneci: [script needed] (zbə), [script needed] (zibə), [script needed] (zəbō)
    • Proto-Sanglechi-Ishkashimi:
      • Ishkashimi: [script needed] (zvůk), [script needed] (zьvůk)
      • Sanglechi: [script needed] (zəvū̆k)
    • Proto-Shughni-Yazghulami-Munji:
      • Proto-Munji-Yidgha:
        • Munji: [script needed] (zəvī́γ), [script needed] (zəvū́g)
        • Yidgha: [script needed] (zᵊvīγ), [script needed] (zɪbēγ)
      • Yazghulami: звег (zveg), зәвег (zəveg)

References
  1. Cathcart, Chundra Aroor (2015) “Iranian Dialectology and Dialectometry”, in Doctoral dissertation, University of California at Berkeley
  2. Novák, Ľubomír (2013) Problem of Archaism and Innovation in the Eastern Iranian Languages (PhD dissertation)‎, Prague: Univerzita Karlova v Praze, filozofická fakulta, page 179
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