< Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian

Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/baywā́

This Proto-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Iranian

Etymology

The origin is uncertain; perhaps related to Proto-Indo-Iranian *bʰúHriš (“abundant, plentiful”).

Noun

*baywā́[1][2][3]

  1. great multitude, myriad
  2. (later, dialectal) ten thousand

Derived terms
  • *Baywr̥aspah[4] (male personal name)
    • Old Ossetic:
    • Old Persian: *Baivaraspaʰ (literally “[having] ten thousand horses”) (male personal name)
      • Middle Persian:
        Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (Bywlʾsp' /⁠bēwarasp⁠/)[5]
        Pazend script: 𐬠𐬀𐬈𐬎𐬎𐬀𐬭𐬁𐬯𐬞 (baeuuarāsp /⁠baevarāsp⁠/)
        • Persian: بیوراسب (bivarâsb, bevarasb), بیوراسپ (bivarâsp, bevarasp)
        • → Old Armenian: Բիւրասպ (Biwrasp)

Descendants
  • Eastern Iranian:
    • Younger Avestan: 𐬠𐬀𐬉𐬎𐬎𐬀𐬭𐬆 (baēuuarə)
  • Northeastern Iranian:
    • Proto-Scythian:
      • Old Ossetic:
        Alanic: βαιορ (baior), βαιορα (baiora)[6][7][8]
        • Ossetian:
          Digor Ossetian: берӕ (beræ), беурӕ (bewræ)
          Iron Ossetian: би́рӕ (bíræ)
          • → Adyghe: бэрэ (bɛrɛ, “many times, a lot; long time”) (possibly)
        • → Ancient Greek: Βαιόρμαιος (Baiórmaios) (personal name from Olbia)
        • → Ancient Greek: Ὀυμβηούαρος (Oumbēoúaros) (personal name from Olbia)
        • → Ancient Greek: Βευραζούρια (Beurazoúria) (personal name from Mtskheta)
        • → Latin: Beorgus, Beorgor (5th c. Alanic king)
      • Proto-Saka: *baiwárəm
        • Khotanese: [script needed] (byūrru)[9]
    • Sogdo-Bactrian:
      • Bactrian: βηοαρο (bēoaro)
      • Sogdian: (/⁠βrḗwər⁠/)
        Imperial Aramaic script: [Imperial Aramaic needed] (RYPW)
        Manichaean script: 𐫂𐫡𐫏𐫇𐫡 (βrywr), 𐫂𐫡𐫏𐫏𐫇𐫡 (βryywr)[10]
        Old Sogdian script: 𐼂𐼘𐼊𐼇𐼘 (βrywr)
        Syriac script: ܒܪܝܘܪ
  • Northwestern Iranian:
  • Southwestern Iranian:
    • Old Persian: *baivaram
      • Middle Persian:
        Manichaean script: 𐫁𐫏𐫇𐫡 (bywr /⁠bēwar⁠/)
        Book Pahlavi script: [Term?] (/⁠bēwar⁠/)
        Pazend script: 𐬠𐬀𐬈𐬎𐬎𐬀𐬭 (baeuuar /⁠baevar⁠/)
        • Classical Persian: [Term?] (/⁠bēwar⁠/)
          • Iranian Persian: بیور (bivar), بیوار (bivâr)
          • Tajik: бевар (bevar)
          • → Ottoman Turkish: بیور (bîver), بیوار (bîvâr)

References
  1. Rastorgujeva, V. S., Edelʹman, D. I. (2007) “*baiu̯ar- / *baiu̯an-”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), volume III, Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, pages 63–64
  2. Bartholomae, Christian (1895–1901) “Vorgeschichte der iranischen Sprachen [Prehistory of the Iranian Languages]”, in Geiger, Wilhelm, Kuhn, Ernst, editors, Grundriß der iranischen Philologie [Outline of Iranian Philology] (in German), volume I, part I, Strassburg: K. J. Trübner, page 112
  3. Bartholomae, Christian (1904) Altiranisches Wörterbuch [Old Iranian Dictionary]‎ (in German), Strassburg: K. J. Trübner, column 913
  4. Hinz, Walther (1975) Altiranisches Sprachgut der Nebenüberlieferungen (Göttinger Orientforschungen, Reihe III, Iranica; 3)‎ (in German), Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, page 62
  5. Nyberg, H. S. (1974) “bēvar”, in A Manual of Pahlavi, Part II: Glossary, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, page 47b
  6. Kümmel, Martin Joachim (2016) Einführung ins Ostmitteliranische [Introduction to East-Central Iranian]‎ (in German), Jena: Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena
  7. Abajev, V. I. (1958) Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Ossetian Language] (in Russian), volume I, Moscow and Leningrad: Academy Press, page 262
  8. Abajev, V. I. (1949) Осетинский язык и фольклор I [Ossetian Language and Folklore I]‎ (in Russian), Moscow and Leningrad: Academy Press, pages 159–160
  9. Bailey, H. W. (1979) Dictionary of Khotan Saka, Cambridge, London, New York, Melbourne: Cambridge University press, page 309
  10. Gharib, B. (1995) “βryywr”, in Sogdian dictionary: Sogdian–Persian–English, Tehran: Farhangan Publications, page 111a
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