< Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian

Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/wíćwas

This Proto-Indo-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-Iranian

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *wisos, or from Proto-Indo-European *wi, then cognate with Proto-Slavic *vьxъ.

Adjective

*wíćwas

  1. all, every
    Synonym: *sárwas

Descendants
  • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *wíśwas
    • Sanskrit: विश्व (víśva, “all, every; universe”) (see there for further descendants)
  • Proto-Iranian: *wícwah (“all, every; whole”)
    • Central Iranian:
      • Avestan: 𐬬𐬍𐬯𐬞𐬀 (vīspa)
    • Northeastern Iranian:
      • Khotanese: [script needed] (biśśa)
      • Sogdo-Bactrian:
        • Bactrian: οισπο (oispo /⁠wīsp⁠/)
        • Sogdian: (/⁠wisp⁠/)
          Manichaean script: 𐫇𐫏𐫘𐫛 (wysp)
          Sogdian script: [script needed] (wysp)
          Syriac script: ܘܝܣܦ (wysp)
    • Northwestern Iranian:
      • Kurdish: (perhaps, c.f. گشت (gešt) in Persian)
        Central Kurdish: گشت (gišt)
        Northern Kurdish: gişt (gišt), gîh (gīh)
      • Proto-Medo-Parthian: *wíspah
        • Caspian:
          • Old Mazanderani: گشت (gešt, “all, every; everywhere”)
        • Old Median: [Term?] (/⁠*vispa⁠/)
          • → Old Persian: 𐎻𐎿𐎱 (vi-s-p /⁠vispa⁠/)
            • Middle Persian: (/⁠wisp⁠/)
              Manichaean script: 𐫇𐫏𐫘𐫛 (wysp)
              Inscriptional Pahlavi script: 𐭥𐭮𐭯 (wsp)
              Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (wsp), [Book Pahlavi needed] (wst')
              Psalter Pahlavi script: 𐮅𐮍𐮎𐮈 (wspy)
              Pazend script: 𐬬𐬌𐬯𐬞 (visp)
              • Classical Persian: وسف (wisf, “all”) (only in Zoroastrian texts), گشت (gešt, “all; everyone”) (Perhaps influenced from the Book Pahlvi script; >wisp >*gisp/t >*gišp/t >gišt)
                Iranian Persian: گشت (gešt, “all; everyone”) (only as slang word)
        • Parthian: (/⁠wisp⁠/)
          Inscriptional Parthian script: 𐭅𐭉𐭎𐭐 (wysp)
          Manichaean script: 𐫇𐫏𐫘𐫛 (wysp)
    • Southwestern Iranian:
      • Old Persian: 𐎻𐎿 (vi-s /⁠visa⁠/)
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