< Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian

Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/sinȷ́ʰás

This Proto-Indo-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-Iranian

Etymology

An early borrowing from an unknown Central Asian substrate language *sengʰa ~ singʰa. Likely a Wanderwort; compare Proto-Indo-Iranian *ćárguš (not derived from this form), Tocharian A śiśäk, Tocharian B ṣecake, Chinese 狻猊 (MC swan ngej), 獅 (OC *sri), Zhang-Zhung [script needed] (saṅgo), Tibetan སེང་གེ (seng ge), Chechen цӏокъ (cʼoqʼ), among other Caucasian cognates.

A late Proto-Indo-European *sinǵʰo- is reconstructable with a cognate Old Armenian ինձ (inj).[1]

Proto-Bantu *ncímbá has a similar form to the Eurasian Wanderwort, but is likely unrelated.

Noun

*sinȷ́ʰás m[2]

  1. lion

Declension
masculine a-stem
singular dual plural
nominative *sinȷ́ʰas *sinȷ́ʰā *sinȷ́ʰā, -ās(as)
vocative *sinȷ́ʰa *sinȷ́ʰā *sinȷ́ʰā, -ās(as)
accusative *sinȷ́ʰam *sinȷ́ʰā *sinȷ́ʰāns
instrumental *sinȷ́ʰā *sinȷ́ʰaybʰyaH, -ābʰyām *sinȷ́ʰāyš
ablative *sinȷ́ʰāt *sinȷ́ʰaybʰyaH, -ābʰyām *sinȷ́ʰaybʰyas
dative *sinȷ́ʰāy *sinȷ́ʰaybʰyaH, -ābʰyām *sinȷ́ʰaybʰyas
genitive *sinȷ́ʰasya *sinȷ́ʰayās *sinȷ́ʰāna(H)m
locative *sinȷ́ʰay *sinȷ́ʰayaw *sinȷ́ʰayšu

Descendants
  • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *sinźʰás
    • Sanskrit: सिंह (siṁhá) (see there for further descendants)

References
  • Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎ (in German), volume II, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 727
  • Witzel, Michael (1999) Aryan and non-Aryan names in Vedic India: data for the linguistic situation, c. 1900-500 BC‎, page 5
  1. Martirosyan, Hrach (2013) “The place of Armenian in the Indo-European language family: the relationship with Greek and Indo-Iranian”, in Journal of Language Relationship‎, number 10, page 90
  2. Witzel, Michael (1999) Substrate Languages in Old Indo-Aryan (Ṛgvedic, Middle and Late Vedic)‎
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