< Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European

Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/wr̥mis

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Etymology

Possibly from the root *wer- (“to turn, to bend”).[1] Alternatively, a mutation of the synonymous *kʷr̥mis.[2] Ancient Greek ὅρμικας pl (hórmikas, “ants”), Tocharian B warme (“ant”) and Sanskrit वम्र (vamrá, “ant”), traditionally linked to *morwi- (“ant”), may however point to a distinct root *worm-, which could be the source of *wr̥mis. (Can this(+) etymology be sourced?)

Noun

*wr̥mis

  1. worm
    Synonym: *kʷr̥mis
  2. an animal resembling a worm, especially: insect larva

Reconstruction notes

Several descendants appear to have been reshaped irregularly by a process such as taboo or analogy; compare the similar problems of *morwi- and *plúsis.

Inflection

Most likely originally *wórm- in the strong stem:

Athematic, proterokinetic
singular
nominative *wórmis
genitive *wr̥méys
singular dual plural
nominative *wórmis *wórmih₁(e) *wórmeyes
vocative *wórmi *wórmih₁(e) *wórmeyes
accusative *wórmim *wórmih₁(e) *wórmims
genitive *wr̥méys *? *wr̥méyoHom
ablative *wr̥méys *? *wr̥mímos
dative *wr̥méyey *? *wr̥mímos
locative *wr̥méy, *wr̥mḗy *? *wr̥mísu
instrumental *wr̥míh₁ *? *wr̥mímis

Descendants
  • Proto-Albanian: *wrimi
  • Proto-Armenian:
  • Proto-Balto-Slavic: *wārmi-, *wārmas
    • Lithuanian: var̃mas (“mosquito, horse-fly, fly, bug”)[3]
    • Old Prussian: wormyan (“red”), urminan, warmun[4]
    • Proto-Slavic: *vьrmьje (see there for further descendants)
  • Proto-Celtic:
    • Proto-Brythonic:
      • Welsh: gwraint
  • Proto-Germanic: *wurmiz[5] (see there for further descendants)
  • Proto-Hellenic: *wrómos
  • Proto-Italic: *wormis
    • Latin: vermis (see there for further descendants)

References
  1. Douglas Harper (2001–2024) “worm”, in Online Etymology Dictionary.
  2. De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “vermis”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 665
  3. Derksen, Rick (2015) “varmas”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 490
  4. Derksen, Rick (2015) “wormyan”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 567
  5. Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*wurmi-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 600
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