< Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European

Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/welh₃-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.
See also: Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/wel-, Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/welH-, and Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/welh₁-

Proto-Indo-European

Root

*welh₃-[1][2][3]

  1. to hit, to strike

Derived terms
Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *welh₃-‎ (18 c, 0 e)
  • *wélh₃-ti ~ *wl̥h₃-énti (athematic root present)[4]
    • Anatolian:
      • Hittite: 𒉿𒀠𒄴𒍣 (walḫzi)
  • *wl̥-né-h₃-ti ~ *wl̥-n-h₃-énti (nasal-infix present)
    • Proto-Italic: *welnō
    • Tocharian:
      • Tocharian A: wälläṣtär
  • *wolh₃-o-s
    • Proto-Germanic: *walaz (see there for further descendants)
  • (perhaps) *welh₃-wr̥-ti- (a derivative of heteroclitic *welh₃-wr̥/-wen-)[5]
  • Unsorted formations:
    • Celtic:
      • *wlannos
      • *wolis (see there for further descendants)
      • *welīsos
        • Proto-Brythonic: *gweli
          • Cornish: goly
          • Middle Breton: goulyow pl
            • Breton: gouli
          • Middle Welsh: gweli
            • Welsh: gweli
    • Proto-Germanic: *welwaną (see there for further descendants)
    • Proto-Germanic: *wala- (“dead”)
      • Old Norse: valr (“fallen in the battlefield”), Valhǫll (“Valhalla”), valkyrja (“Valkyrie”)
    • Hellenic:
    • Hellenic:
    • Italic:
    • Indo-Iranian:
      • Iranian:
        • Persian: والانه (vâlâne, “wound”) ولانه (valâne, “wound”) (possibly)
    • Proto-Balto-Slavic: *welias, *weliā
      • Baltic:
        • Lithuanian: vėlė (“corpse, ghost”)
        • Lithuanian: veliónis (“dead”)
        • Latvian: veļi
      • Slavic:
    • Tocharian:
      • Tocharian A: wäl (“to die”)
      • Tocharian A: walu (“dead one”)

References
  1. Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 679
  2. De Vaan, Michiel (2008) Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7)‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
  3. Kroonen, Guus (2013) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
  4. Kloekhorst, Alwin (2008) Etymological Dictionary of the Hittite Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 5), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 945–946
  5. Kocharov, P. (2010) “The Etymology of Armenian gełardn ‘Spear’”, in Indojevropejskoje jazykoznanije i klassičeskaja filologija - XIV. Materialy čtenij, posvjaščennyx pamjati prof. I.M. Tronskovo‎, volume II, Saint Petersburg: Nauka, pages 83–89
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