< Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European

Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/wóps

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Etymology

Possibly from *webʰ- (“to weave, braid”),[1] or perhaps *(s)webʰ- (compare Czech svapato (“beehive”)), +‎ *-s, if not borrowed from a substrate language.[2]

Noun

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2=*webʰ-
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*wóps f[3][4][5]

  1. wasp

Declension
Athematic, amphikinetic
singular
nominative *wóps
genitive *webʰés
singular dual plural
nominative *wóps *webʰh₁(e) *webʰes
vocative *webʰ *webʰh₁(e) *webʰes
accusative *webʰm̥ *webʰh₁(e) *webʰm̥s
genitive *webʰés *? *webʰóHom
ablative *webʰés *? *webʰmós
dative *webʰéy *? *webʰmós
locative *webʰ, *webʰi *? *webʰsú
instrumental *webʰéh₁ *? *webʰmís

Alternative forms
  • *wáps ~ *wabés
  • *wobʰseh₂

Derived terms
  • *webʰs-éh₂ or *wobʰs-éh₂[6]
    • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *wabžʰáH
      • Proto-Iranian: *wabžáH (see there for further descendants)
  • *wóps-eh₂[1]
    • Proto-Balto-Slavic: *wápsāˀ
      • Proto-Slavic: *osa (see there for further descendants)
    • Proto-Germanic: *wapsō (see there for further descendants)
    • Proto-Italic: *wospā (metathesized < *wopsā)
      • Latin: vespa (see there for further descendants)
  • *wóps-ih₂
    • Proto-Celtic: *woxsī[7][8][9]
      • Proto-Brythonic: *gwüxī (see there for further descendants)
    • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *wápsiH
      • Proto-Nuristani: *waspī́ka (metathesized < *waspikáH < *wapsikáH[10])
        • Northern Nuristani: *wəšpíə, *wəšpíkə
          • Kamkata-viri:
            Kamviri: ušpík
            Kativiri: ušpí
        • Southern Nuristani: *wəšpī́kə
          • Ashkun: šipī́k
          • Waigali: višpik
  • Unsorted formations:
    • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *wápsas
      • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *wápsas
        • Sanskrit: वप्सस् (vápsas) (possibly)

Descendants

References
  1. Kölligan, Daniel (2017–2018) “Chapter XX: Proto-Indo-European”, in Klein, Jared S., Joseph, Brian D., Fritz, Matthias, editors, Handbook of Comparative and Historical Indo-European Linguistics: An International Handbook (Handbücher zur Sprach- und Kommunikationswissenschaft [Handbooks of Linguistics and Communication Science]; 41.2), Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter Mouton, →ISBN, § The lexicon of Proto-Indo-European, page 2272: “*u̯opseh₂- or *u̯obʰseh₂-”
  2. Kortlandt, F.H.H. (2003) “An Indo-European substratum in Slavic? Languages in prehistoric Europe”, in Languages in prehistoric Europe‎
  3. Collins, Daniel (2017–2018) “Chapter XIII: Slavic”, in Klein, Jared S., Joseph, Brian D., Fritz, Matthias, editors, Handbook of Comparative and Historical Indo-European Linguistics: An International Handbook (Handbücher zur Sprach- und Kommunikationswissenschaft [Handbooks of Linguistics and Communication Science]; 41.2), Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter Mouton, →ISBN, § The phonology of Slavic, page 1449: “*u̯ops-”
  4. Pokorny, Julius (1959) “*u̯obhsā”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 1179: “*u̯ops-”
  5. Schrijver, Peter C. H. (1995) Studies in British Celtic historical phonology (Leiden studies in Indo-European; 5), Amsterdam, Atlanta: Rodopi, page 160: “*u̯ops-”
  6. Derksen, Rick (2015) “vapsva”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 488: “BSL *wápsāˀ; PIE *(h₁)uobʰ-s-eh₂-; (h₁)uebʰ-s-eh₂-”
  7. Matasović, Ranko (2009) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, pages *woxs-V-–429
  8. Delamarre, Xavier (2003) Dictionnaire de la langue gauloise: une approche linguistique du vieux-celtique continental [Dictionary of the Gaulish language: A linguistic approach to Old Continental Celtic] (Collection des Hespérides; 9), 2nd edition, Éditions Errance, →ISBN, page uassos of 307-308
  9. Koch, John (2004) “*wosφī-”, in English–Proto-Celtic Word-list with attested comparanda‎, University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies, page 382
  10. Lipp, Reiner (2009) Die indogermanischen und einzelsprachlichen Palatale im Indoiranischen: Neurekonstruktion, Nuristan-Sprachen, Genese der indoarischen Retroflexe, Indoarisch von Mitanni (Indogermanische Bibliothek; 3) (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Winter, page 166
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