< Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European

Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/twerH-

See also: Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/(s)twerH-
 This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Root

*twerH-[1][2][3][4]

  1. to enclose, fence in
  2. to grab, seize

Derived terms
  • *turH-yé-ti (yé-present)
    • Proto-Balto-Slavic:
      • Latvian: turēt (“to hold, keep”)
      • Lithuanian: turėti (“to have”)
  • *twérH-ye-ti (ye-present)
    • Proto-Balto-Slavic:
      • Latvian: tvert (“to grab, seize”)
      • Lithuanian: tvérti
  • *tworH-éye-ti (causative-iterative)[3]
    • Proto-Balto-Slavic: *twárīˀtei
      • Latvian: tvarstīt (“to snap, to catch”)
      • Lithuanian: tvárstyti (“to bandage”)
      • Proto-Slavic: *tvorìti (“to make”) (see there for further descendants)
  • *twōr (root noun)
    • Proto-Balto-Slavic:
      • Lithuanian: tvora (“fence”)
      • Proto-Slavic: *tvarь (see there for further descendants)
  • *tworH-o-s
    • Proto-Balto-Slavic: *twaras
      • Lithuanian: ap-tvaras (“fence”)
      • Proto-Slavic: *tvȏrъ (“creation, creature”) (see there for further descendants)
    • Proto-Hellenic: *tworós
      • Ancient Greek: σορός (sorós, “coffin, urn”)
  • *twérH-ō ~ *turH-nés
    • >? Proto-Germanic: *þwerō; *þurraz
      • ⇒? Proto-West Germanic: *þurruk (“hold (of a ship)”) (see there for further descendants)
  • *twerH-y-eh₂[1]
    • Proto-Hellenic: *tseřřā́
      • Ancient Greek: σειρά (seirá), σειρή (seirḗ), σηρᾱ́ (sērā́)

References
  1. Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 1373
  2. Derksen, Rick (2008) Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, →ISSN, pages 500-501
  3. Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “twerH-1”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 656
  4. Derksen, Rick (2015) Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 476-477
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