< Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European

Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/leys-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Root

*leys-[1][2][3][4]

  1. to trace, to track

Derived terms
Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *leys-‎ (7 c, 0 e)
  • *le-lóys-e (reduplicated stative)
    • Proto-Germanic: *lizaną (“to know”) or *lisaną (see there for further descendants)
  • *loys-éye-ti (causative)
    • Proto-Germanic: *laizijaną (“to teach”) (see there for further descendants)
  • *lis-n̥h₂-tór ~ *lis-n̥h₂-rór (mediopassive causative)[5]
    • Proto-West Germanic: *liʀnōn (“to learn”), *liʀnēn (see there for further descendants)
  • *lóys-eh₂ (“track, furrow”)[3][4]
  • *léys-ti-s ~ *lis-téy-s
    • Proto-Germanic: *listiz (“art, cunning”) (see there for further descendants)
  • *loys-tis
    • Proto-Germanic: *laistiz (“track, trace”)[6]
      • Proto-West Germanic: *laisti (“footprint, mold for shoes”)
        • Old English: lǣst, lāst (“footprint”)
          • English: last (“mould for shoes”)
        • Old Frisian: lāst, lēst (“sole, footprint”)
        • Old Saxon: *lēst
          • Middle Low German: lēst (“mould for shoes”)
        • Old Dutch: *lēst
          • Middle Dutch: leest (“mould for shoes”)
        • Old High German: leist (“mould for shoes”)
      • Old Norse: leistr (“stocking-foot”)
        • Icelandic: leistur
        • Faroese: leistur
        • Norwegian Nynorsk: leist
        • Norwegian Bokmål: lest
        • Swedish: läst
      • Gothic: 𐌻𐌰𐌹𐍃𐍄𐍃 (laists, “track”)
  • *loys-tos
    • Proto-Germanic: *laistaz (see there for further descendants)
  • Unsorted formations:

References
  1. Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*lei̯s-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 409-10
  2. Pokorny, Julius (1959) “leis-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 671
  3. Kroonen, Guus (2013) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
  4. De Vaan, Michiel (2008) Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7)‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
  5. Kroonen, Guus (2012) “Consonant gradation in the Germanic iterative verbs”, in Benedicte Nielsen Whitehead, Thomas Olander, Birgit Anette Olsen, Jens Elmegård Rasmussen, editors, The sound of Indo-European: phonetics, phonemics, and morphophonetics, University of Copenhagen: Museum Tusculanum Press, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 271 of 263–288
  6. Kroonen, Guus (2013) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
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