Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/kwh₂et-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Alternative reconstructions

*kwath₂-[1][2][3][4]
*kweth₂-[5]

Root

*kwh₂et-

to bubble, to foam
to ferment, become sour

Derived terms

*kwáth₂-e-ti (“to bubble, foam”, thematic present)[1]
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *kwátʰati
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *kwátʰati
    - Sanskrit: (Vedic) क्वथन्त् (kváthant-), (Classical) क्वथते (kváthate)[2]
*kwāth₂-éye-ti (“to let bubble”, causative)[1]
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *kwātʰáyati
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *kwātʰáyati
    - Sanskrit: क्वाथयति (kvātháyati)[2]
- Proto-Germanic: *hwaþjaną
  - Gothic: 𐍈𐌰𐌸𐌾𐌰𐌽 (ƕaþjan, “to foam”)
Proto-Hellenic: *kʷotamós (“river”)
- Ancient Greek: ποταμός (potamós)[5]
Proto-Hellenic: *kʷētʰus (sea goddess)
- Ancient Greek: Τηθῡ́ς (Tēthū́s)[5]
- >? Ancient Greek: τήθεα (tḗthea, “sea squirt”)
>? Proto-Slavic: *kvȃsъ (“leaven, fermented drink”)[6] (see there for further descendants)
>? Latin: cāseus (“cheese”)[3] (see there for further descendants)

References

Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 374
Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992) “KVATH^I”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎ (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 420
De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “cāseus”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7)‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
Pokorny, Julius (1959) Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 627
Kümmel, Martin Joachim (2011–2023) “*ku̯eth₂-”, in Addenda und Corrigenda zu LIV²‎, page 51
Derksen, Rick (2008) “*kvȃsъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 258: “m. o (c) ‘leaven, fermented drink’”

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[LIV-1] Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 374

[EWAia-2] Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992) “KVATH^I”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎ (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 420

[EDL-3] De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “cāseus”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7)‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN

[4] Pokorny, Julius (1959) Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 627

[LIVadd-5] Kümmel, Martin Joachim (2011–2023) “*ku̯eth₂-”, in Addenda und Corrigenda zu LIV²‎, page 51

[6] Derksen, Rick (2008) “*kvȃsъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 258: “m. o (c) ‘leaven, fermented drink’”