< Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European

Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/kapyéti

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Etymology

From *kap- (“to seize, hold”) +‎ *-yéti.

Verb

*kapyéti (imperfective)[1][2][3]

  1. to be seized, held

Inflection
Imperfective, thematic
3rd singular *kapyéti
3rd plural *kapyónti
Active voice Present indicative Past indicative Imperative Subjunctive Optative
1st singular *kapyóh₂ *kapyóm — *kapyṓh₂ *kapyóyh₁m̥
2nd singular *kapyési *kapyés *kapyé *kapyḗsi *kapyóys
3rd singular *kapyéti *kapyét *kapyétu *kapyḗti *kapyóyt
1st dual *kapyówos *kapyówe — *kapyṓwos *kapyóywe
2nd dual *kapyétes *kapyétom *kapyétom *kapyḗtes *kapyóytom
3rd dual *kapyétes *kapyétām *kapyétām *kapyḗtes *kapyóytām
1st plural *kapyómos *kapyóme — *kapyṓmos *kapyóyme
2nd plural *kapyéte *kapyéte *kapyéte *kapyḗte *kapyóyte
3rd plural *kapyónti *kapyónt *kapyóntu *kapyṓnti *kapyóyh₁n̥t
Participle *kapyónts
Middle voice Present indicative Past indicative Imperative Subjunctive Optative
1st singular *kapyóh₂er *kapyóh₂e — *kapyṓh₂er *kapyóyh₂e
2nd singular *kapyéth₂er *kapyéth₂e *kapyéso *kapyḗth₂er *kapyóyth₂e
3rd singular *kapyétor *kapyéto *? *kapyḗtor *kapyóyto, *kapyóyh₁o
1st dual *kapyówosdʰh₂ *kapyówedʰh₂ — *kapyṓwosdʰh₂ *kapyóywedʰh₂
2nd dual *? *? *? *? *?
3rd dual *? *? *? *? *?
1st plural *kapyómosdʰh₂ *kapyómedʰh₂ — *kapyṓmosdʰh₂ *kapyóymedʰh₂
2nd plural *kapyédʰh₂we *kapyédʰh₂we *kapyédʰh₂we *kapyḗdʰh₂we *kapyóydʰh₂we
3rd plural *kapyóror, *kapyóntor *kapyóro, *kapyónto *? *kapyṓror, *kapyṓntor *kapyóyro, *kapyóyh₁n̥to
Participle *kapyómnos

Alternative reconstructions

Descendants
  • Proto-Albanian: *kapa
    • Albanian: kap (“to grab, catch, seize”)[6][7]
  • Proto-Balto-Slavic:
  • Proto-Germanic: *habjaną (“to lift”) (see there for further descendants)
  • Proto-Hellenic: *kapťō
  • Proto-Italic: *kapjō
    • Latin: capiō (see there for further descendants)
    • Oscan: kahad (3rd person singular present active subjunctive)

References
  1. Pokorny, Julius (1959) “kap-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, pages 527-529
  2. Mallory, J. P., Adams, D. Q. (2006) “*kap-”, in The Oxford introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European world, Oxford University Press, page 270
  3. Sihler, Andrew L. (1995) New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN
  4. Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*keh₂p-¹”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 344–345
  5. Dunkel, George E. (2014) Lexikon der indogermanischen Partikeln und Pronominalstämme [Lexicon of Indo-European Particles and Pronominal Stems] (Indogermanische Bibliothek. 2. Reihe: Wörterbücher) (in German), Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter GmbH Heidelberg, →ISBN, page 79
  6. Orel, Vladimir E. (1998) “kap”, in Albanian Etymological Dictionary, Leiden, Boston, Köln: Brill, →ISBN, page 169
  7. Demiraj, B. (1997) “kap”, in Albanische Etymologien: Untersuchungen zum albanischen Erbwortschatz [Albanian Etymologies: […]] (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 7)‎ (in German), Amsterdam, Atlanta: Rodopi
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