< Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European

Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₂nḗr

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Noun

*h₂nḗr m[1]

  1. man
  2. power, force, vital energy

Inflection
Athematic, hysterokinetic
singular
nominative *h₂nḗr
genitive *h₂n̥rés
singular dual plural
nominative *h₂nḗr *h₂nérh₁(e) *h₂néres
vocative *h₂nér *h₂nérh₁(e) *h₂néres
accusative *h₂nérm̥ *h₂nérh₁(e) *h₂nérm̥s
genitive *h₂n̥rés *? *h₂n̥róHom
ablative *h₂n̥rés *? *h₂nr̥mós
dative *h₂n̥réy *? *h₂nr̥mós
locative *h₂nér, *h₂néri *? *h₂nr̥sú
instrumental *h₂n̥réh₁ *? *h₂nr̥mís
  • Note: an alternative form, *éh₂nōr, and feminine derivation, *h₂nerih₂, are seen in many Ancient Greek compounds (i.e. -ήνωρ and -άνειρα), probably reanalysed from archaic compounds.

Derived terms
  • *h₂ner-to- (“virile, strong”)
    • Proto-Celtic: *nertom (“strength”) (see there for further descendants)

Descendants
  • Proto-Albanian: *nera (see there for further descendants)
  • Anatolian:
    • Hittite: 𒅔𒈾𒊏𒉿𒀭𒋫 (innarawant-)
    • Luwian: 𒀭𒅈𒌝𒈪 (ānnara/i, “forceful, virile”)
    • Lydian: 𐤫𐤵𐤭𐤮 (nãrs)
  • Armenian: *aynr < *anir
    • Old Armenian: այր (ayr); առն (aṙn, gen.sg.) < *h₂n̥rós
    • Old Armenian: (?) այրի (ayri, “husbandless”) < *n̥-Hnēr-yeh₂
  • (perhaps, though Derksen does not support this) Balto-Slavic:
    • Lithuanian: nóras (“will”)
    • Old Prussian: nertien (“anger”)
    • Proto-Slavic: *norvъ (“custom, manner”) (see there for further descendants)
  • Proto-Celtic: *neros, with thematicized full-grade leveled from *h₂nérm̥ (accusative singular)
  • Proto-Hellenic: *anḗr (see there for further descendants)
  • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Hnā́ (see there for further descendants)
  • Proto-Italic: *nēr (see there for further descendants)
  • Phrygian: αναρ (anar)

References
  1. Ringe, Donald (2006) From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic (A Linguistic History of English; 1)‎, Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN
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