< Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European

Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₁éytr̥

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Alternative forms
  • *h₁éytōr[1]

Etymology

From *h₁ey- (“to go”) +‎ *-tr̥ (deverbal nominal suffix).

Noun

*h₁éytr̥ n[1]

  1. way, course

Declension
Athematic, proterokinetic
singular collective
nominative *h₁éytr̥ *h₁itṓr
genitive *h₁iténs *h₁itnés
singular dual plural collective
nominative *h₁éytr̥ — — *h₁itṓr
vocative *h₁éytr̥ — — *h₁itṓr
accusative *h₁éytr̥ — — *h₁itṓr
genitive *h₁iténs — — *h₁itnés
ablative *h₁iténs — — *h₁itnés
dative *h₁iténey — — *h₁itnéy
locative *h₁iténi — — *h₁itén, *h₁iténi
instrumental *h₁iténh₁ — — *h₁itnéh₁

Descendants
  • Proto-Italic: *eitər, *eitor?[2]
    • Latin: iter (“journey”) (see there for further descendants)
  • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Háytr̥
    • Proto-Iranian: *Háytr̥
      • Avestan: *𐬌𐬚𐬥𐬀 (*iθna)
        • ⇒ 𐬞𐬀𐬌𐬭𐬌-𐬌𐬚𐬥𐬀- (pairi-iθna-, “(end of a) lifetime”)[3]
  • Proto-Tocharian: *yätār (see there for further descendants)
Notes

Hittite 𒄿𒋻 (i-tar), a hapax legomenon usually glossed as “way”,[3] is traditionally included here, but after improved scans in recent years this reading has come under scrutiny. It is now considered a misreading for 𒌉𒋻 (DUMU-tar), thus *𒄿𒋻 (*i-tar, “way”) is a ghost word and cannot be used as evidence for reconstructions.[4][5]

References
  1. Wodtko, Dagmar S., Irslinger, Britta, Schneider, Carolin (2008) “*h₁ei̯- ‘gehen’”, in Nomina im indogermanischen Lexikon [Nouns in the Indo-European Lexicon] (in German), Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter, pages 220–230: “**h₁i-t-er/n- > *h₁i-ter/n-”
  2. De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “iter, itineris”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 311
  3. Kloekhorst, Alwin (2008) “itar”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Hittite Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 5), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 422
  4. Miller, Jared L. (2008) “Ein Ritual zur Reinigung eines Hauswesens durch eine Beschwörung an die Unterirdischen (CTH 446) [A ritual to purify a household through an incantation to the subterranean]”, in Annette Krüger, B. Jankowski, G. Wilhelm, editors, Texte aus der Umwelt des alten Testaments [Texts from the Environment of the Old Testament] (in German), volumes 4, Omina, Orakel, Rituale und Beschwörungen [Omens, Oracles, Rituals and Evocations], Gütersloh: Gütersloher Verlagshaus, →ISBN, page 209 of 206–217, note 97
  5. Weeden, Mark (2011) “Spelling, phonology and etymology in Hittite historical linguistics”, in Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, volume 74, number 1, Cambridge University Press, →DOI, page 72
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