< Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European

Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/gʷewh₁-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Root

*gʷewh₁-

  1. to defecate
    Synonyms: *ǵʰed-, *kakka-, *kerd-

Alternative reconstructions
  • *gʷeh₁w-, *gʷh₁ew-, *gʷweh₁-[1]
  • *gʷewH-, *gʷweH-[2]
  • *gʷeh₃w-[3]

Derived terms
  • *gʷuh₁-é-ti
    • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *guHáti
      • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *guHáti
        • Sanskrit: गुवति (guváti, “to defecate”)
  • *gʷówh₁-dʰro-m[3]
    • Proto-Celtic: *bowdrom (“filth”)
      • Proto-Brythonic: *bʉdr
        • Middle Welsh: budyr
      • >? Middle Irish: buaidir
  • *gʷowh₁-éh₂
    • >? Proto-Balto-Slavic: *gawāˀ
      • Proto-Slavic: *govà
        • ⇒ Proto-Slavic: *govьno (“excrement”) (+ *-ьno) (see there for further descendants)
      • Proto-Slavic: *gaviti
        • Old East Slavic: огавити (ogaviti)
        • dialectal Russian: гаведь (gavedʹ), гаведный (gavednyj)
        • Slovene: gabiti se, ogaba, ogaben
        • Slovak: ohava (noun), ohavný (adjective)
    • Proto-Celtic: *bowā (“filth, excrement”) (see there for further descendants)
  • *gʷuh₁-nó-s
    • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *guHnás
      • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *guHnás
        • Sanskrit: गून (gūná, “defecated”)
      • Proto-Iranian: *guHnáh[4]
        • Khotanese: *gūṃ
          • ⇒ Khotanese: [script needed] (agūṃ, “unpolluted”)
  • *gʷuh₁-tHó-s[5][6]
    • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *guHtʰás (“excrement”) (see there for further descendants)
  • *gʷuh₁-tó-s, *gʷweh₁-tó-s[2]
    • Proto-Armenian:
      • Old Armenian: կու (ku), կոյ (koy, “excrement”)
    • Proto-Germanic: *kwēdaz
      • Proto-West Germanic: *kwād (“excrement”) (see there for further descendants)

References
  1. Zair, Nicholas (2012) The reflexes of the Proto-Indo-European laryngeals in Celtic, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 227: “*gʷweh₁-”
  2. Mallory, J. P., Adams, D. Q., editors (1997), “*gʷuhₓ-”, in Encyclopedia of Indo-European culture, London, Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers, pages 186-187
  3. Pokorny, Julius (1959) “gu̯ōu-, gu̯ū-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, pages 484-485
  4. Bailey, H. W. (1979) “agūṃ”, in Dictionary of Khotan Saka, Cambridge, London, New York, Melbourne: Cambridge University press, page 1: “*gauna- or *guna-”
  5. Lubotsky, Alexander (2011) “gūtha-”, in The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University: “g⁽ʷ⁾uH-tHo-”
  6. Sadovski, Velizar (2017–2018) “Chapter VI: Iranian”, in Klein, Jared S., Joseph, Brian D., Fritz, Matthias, editors, Handbook of Comparative and Historical Indo-European Linguistics: An International Handbook (Handbücher zur Sprach- und Kommunikationswissenschaft [Handbooks of Linguistics and Communication Science]; 41.2), Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter Mouton, →ISBN, § The lexicon of Iranian, page 583: “PIE *g⁽ʷ⁾uH-tHo-”
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