< Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European

Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/bʰrekʷ-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Alternative forms
  • *bʰarekʷ-, *bʰₔrekʷ-,[1] *bʰerk-,[2] *bʰrak-,[3] *bʰreg-[4]

Etymology

Reconstructed with a labiovelar to include Latin frequēns[5], but due to this unusual root structure, possibly a substrate borrowing.[6]

Root

*bʰrekʷ-[5]

  1. to condense
  2. to crowd together

Derived terms
  • *bʰr̥kʷ-yé-ti (“ye-present”)[5][2][4]
    • Proto-Italic: *farkjō[4]
      • Latin: farciō (“to cram, fill completely, stuff”)
    • Proto-Hellenic: *pʰrakʷjō (possibly[1], or perhaps from *bʰerǵʰ- (“to be high; to rise”))
  • *bʰr̥kʷ-s-[4]
    • Proto-Italic: *fraksō (“to patrol”)
  • *bʰrékʷ-nt-s ~ *bʰr̥kʷ-nt-ós[5][4]
    • Proto-Italic: *frekʷents
      • Latin: frequēns (“occurring at close intervals”)

References
  1. Pokorny, Julius (1959) “*bhareku̯-, *bhₔreku̯-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 1, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, pages 110-111
  2. Schrijver, Peter C. H. (1991) The reflexes of the Proto-Indo-European laryngeals in Latin (Leiden studies in Indo-European; 2), Amsterdam, Atlanta: Rodopi, →ISBN, pages 488-489
  3. Mallory, J. P., Adams, D. Q. (2006) The Oxford introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European world, Oxford University Press, pages 383-384
  4. De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “farciō, -īre”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 202
  5. Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*bʰreku̯-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 93-94
  6. Corbeau, Alain Louis (2013) Phonological Root Structure Constraints in Proto-Indo-European (ResMA thesis), Alwin Kloekhorst, supervisor, Leiden: Leiden University, page 38
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