< Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European

Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/Hyewdʰ-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Etymology

A derivation from *h₂yew- (“straight, upright”).[1]

Root

*Hyewdʰ-[2][3]

  1. moving erect, to be agitated or push forward in such a fashion that one is straight or upright (for example as walking into battle)[1]

Derived terms
  • *Hyúdʰ-ye-ti (ye-present)
    • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Hyúdʰyati (“to fight, to battle”)[4]
      • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *Hyúdʰyati
      • Proto-Iranian: *Hyúdyati
        • Avestan: 𐬫𐬏𐬌𐬜𐬌𐬌𐬈𐬌𐬙𐬌 (yūiδiieiti)[5]
  • *Hyowdʰ-éye-ti (éye-causative)
    • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Hyawdʰáyati
    • Proto-Italic: *jouðejō[6]
      • Old Latin: ioubeō
    • Proto-Balto-Slavic: *jaudīˀtei
  • *Hyudʰ-sḱé-ti (sḱé-present)
    • Proto-Tocharian: *yutkǝ-
      • Tocharian A: yutkatār (“to worry”)
  • *Hyudʰ-tó-s
    • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Hyudᶻdʰás
    • Proto-Italic: *jussos
  • *Hyudʰ-(s)mós (“warrior”)
    • Proto-Balto-Slavic: *jud-mas
      • ⇒ Proto-Slavic: *ojьminъ (see there for further descendants)
    • Proto-Hellenic:
      • Ancient Greek: *ὑσμός (*husmós)
    • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Hyudʰmás
      • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *Hyudʰmás
  • *Hyéwdʰ-tōr ~ *Hyudʰ-tr-és
    • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Hyáwdᶻdʰā
  • *Hyéwdʰ-tu-s ~ *Hyudʰ-téw-s
    • Proto-Italic: *jussus
  • *Hyéwdʰ-u-s ~ *Hyudʰ-éw-s[1]
  • *Hyewdʰ-dh-r̥[1]

Descendants
  • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Hyawdʰ- (see there for further descendants)

References
  1. Willi, Andreas (2001) “Lateinisch iubēre, griechisch εὐϑύς und ein indogermanisches Rechtskonzept”, in Historische Sprachforschung (in German), volume 114, number 1. H., →DOI, pages 117–146
  2. Pokorny, Julius (1959) Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 1376
  3. Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*Hi̯eu̯dʰ-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 225
  4. Lubotsky, Alexander (2011) “yodh-”, in The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University
  5. Cheung, Johnny (2007) “*Hi̯aud”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
  6. De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “iubeō”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 312
  7. Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “ὑσμίνη”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume I, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 1538
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