< Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European

Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/Hreth₂-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Root

*Hreth₂-[1]

  1. to run

Reconstruction notes

Root-final *h₂ is reconstructed on the basis of the aspirated dental in Indo-Iranian and perhaps Albanian, but could instead be rebuilt from an original *Hrét-h₂ ~ Hr̥t-és.[2][3]

Alternative reconstructions

Derived terms
Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *Hreth₂-‎ (14 c, 0 e)
  • *Hréth₂-e-ti (thematic root present)[6]
    • Proto-Celtic: *reteti (see there for further descendants)
    • >? Proto-Italic: *retō[10][11]
      • Latin: rotundus (< gerund[10] *reto-ndo-s with -o- from noun[11]) (see there for further descendants)
  • *Hroth₂-éye-ti (causative)
    • Proto-Celtic: *rotīti (see there for further descendants)
  • *Hróth₂-eh₂[8]
    • Proto-Italic: *rotā[11]
      • Latin: rota (see there for further descendants)
  • *Hróth₂-o-s[8][12]
    • Proto-Albanian: *rraθī[3]
      • Albanian: rreth (or < *rata + diminutive/collective *-ts[13])
    • Proto-Balto-Slavic:
      • Latvian: rats
      • Lithuanian: rãtas
      • → Proto-Finnic: *rat'as (see there for further descendants)
    • Proto-Celtic: *rotos (see there for further descendants)
    • Proto-Germanic: *raþą (see there for further descendants)
    • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Hrátʰas (see there for further descendants)
  • *Hróth₂-wr̥ ~ *Hréth₂-n̥s
    • Proto-Germanic: *raduraz (see there for further descendants)
  • Unsorted formations:

References
  1. Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*ret-o-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 310: “*(H)reth₂-”
  2. Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎ (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 429-30
  3. David Stifter (2008 July) “Old Prussian kelleweſze ‘Driver of a Cart’”, in Historische Sprachforschungen‎, volume 121, number 1, Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, pages 281-82 fn. 3
  4. Beekes, Robert S. P. (2011) Comparative Indo-European Linguistics: An Introduction, 2nd edition, revised and corrected by Michiel de Vaan, Amsterdam, Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company, page 38: “*Hret-”
  5. Pokorny, Julius (1959) “ret(h)-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 866
  6. Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*ret-¹”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 507
  7. Wodtko, Dagmar S., Irslinger, Britta, Schneider, Carolin (2008) “*ret-”, in Nomina im indogermanischen Lexikon [Nouns in the Indo-European Lexicon] (in German), Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter, pages 575-580
  8. Mallory, J. P., Adams, D. Q. (2006) The Oxford introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European world, Oxford University Press, page 398: “*reth₂-”
  9. Dočkalová, Lenka, Blažek, Václav (2011) “On Indo-European roads”, in The Journal of Indo-European Studies‎, volume 39, number 3/4, page 322 of 299–341
  10. Sihler, Andrew L. (1995) New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 625: “*rotor, -ī”
  11. De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “rota”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 527: “PIt. *rot-ā-”
  12. Gaitzsch, Torsten (2017–2018) “Chapter I: General and methodological issues”, in Klein, Jared S., Joseph, Brian D., Fritz, Matthias, editors, Handbook of Comparative and Historical Indo-European Linguistics: An International Handbook (Handbücher zur Sprach- und Kommunikationswissenschaft [Handbooks of Linguistics and Communication Science]; 41.2), Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter Mouton, →ISBN, § The homeland of the speakers of Proto-Indo-European, page 86: “*rot-h₂-o-”
  13. Orel, Vladimir E. (1998) “rreth”, in Albanian Etymological Dictionary, Leiden, Boston, Köln: Brill, →ISBN, page 381
  14. Forsyth, Katherine - Protecting a Pict?: Further thoughts on the inscribed silver chape from St Ninian’s Isle, Shetland. Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland (2020) p. 11
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