< Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European

Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-wós

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Suffix

*(Ø)-wós

  1. Creates adjectives from verb stems.

Inflection

Thematic
masculine feminine
nominative *-wós *-wéh₂
genitive *-wósyo *-wéh₂s
masculine singular dual plural
nominative *-wós *-wóh₁ *-wóes
vocative *-wé *-wóh₁ *-wóes
accusative *-wóm *-wóh₁ *-wóms
genitive *-wósyo *? *-wóHom
ablative *-wéad *? *-wómos
dative *-wóey *? *-wómos
locative *-wéy, *-wóy *? *-wóysu
instrumental *-wóh₁ *? *-wṓys
feminine singular dual plural
nominative *-wéh₂ *-wéh₂h₁(e) *-wéh₂es
vocative *-wéh₂ *-wéh₂h₁(e) *-wéh₂es
accusative *-wā́m *-wéh₂h₁(e) *-wéh₂m̥s
genitive *-wéh₂s *? *-wéh₂oHom
ablative *-wéh₂s *? *-wéh₂mos
dative *-wéh₂ey *? *-wéh₂mos
locative *-wéh₂, *-wéh₂i *? *-wéh₂su
instrumental *-wéh₂h₁ *? *-wéh₂mis
neuter singular dual plural
nominative *-wóm *-wóy(h₁) *-wéh₂
vocative *-wóm *-wóy(h₁) *-wéh₂
accusative *-wóm *-wóy(h₁) *-wéh₂
genitive *-wósyo *? *-wóHom
ablative *-wéad *? *-wómos
dative *-wóey *? *-wómos
locative *-wéy, *-wóy *? *-wóysu
instrumental *-wóh₁ *? *-wṓys

Derived terms

Category Proto-Indo-European adjectives suffixed with *-wós not found
  • *-iHwós
    • Ancient Greek: -εῖος (-eîos), -ήϊος (-ḗïos) (in part)
      • Latin: -ēus
    • Latin: -īvus (see there for further descendants)

Descendants

  • Proto-Balto-Slavic: *-was
    • East Baltic:
      • Latvian: -vs
      • Lithuanian: -vas
    • West Baltic:
      • Old Prussian: -was
    • Proto-Slavic: *-vъ
  • Proto-Germanic: *-waz
  • Proto-Celtic: *-wos
  • Proto-Hellenic: *-wós
    • Ancient Greek: -ός (-ós)
  • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *-wás
    • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *-wás
      • Sanskrit: -व (-vá)
    • Proto-Iranian: *-wáh
      • Avestan: -𐬎𐬎𐬀 (-uua)
  • Proto-Italic: *-wos
    • Latin: forms the perfect and pluperfect active verb stems
      • (adjectives formed from rare perfect active participles) -vus, -uus
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