< Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European
Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-ēs
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This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Indo-European
Etymology
From *(é)-ess, compound suffix from *(é)-os (athematic) (neuter s-stem) + *-s (nominative), with simplification of the geminate consonants and compensatory lengthening.
Suffix
*(é)-ēs
- Primarily forms last members of adjectival bahuvrīhi compounds
Inflection
| Athematic, acrostatic | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | feminine | ||
| nominative | *(é)-ēs | *(é)-ēs | |
| genitive | *(é)-esos | *(é)-esos | |
| masculine | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *(é)-ēs | *(é)-esh₁(e) | *(é)-eses |
| vocative | *(é)-es | *(é)-esh₁(e) | *(é)-eses |
| accusative | *(é)-esm̥ | *(é)-esh₁(e) | *(é)-esm̥s |
| genitive | *(é)-esos | *? | *(é)-esoHom |
| ablative | *(é)-esos | *? | *(é)-esmos |
| dative | *(é)-esey | *? | *(é)-esmos |
| locative | *(é)-es, *(é)-esi | *? | *(é)-esu |
| instrumental | *(é)-esh₁ | *? | *(é)-esmis |
| feminine | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *(é)-ēs | *(é)-esh₁(e) | *(é)-eses |
| vocative | *(é)-es | *(é)-esh₁(e) | *(é)-eses |
| accusative | *(é)-esm̥ | *(é)-esh₁(e) | *(é)-esm̥s |
| genitive | *(é)-esos | *? | *(é)-esoHom |
| ablative | *(é)-esos | *? | *(é)-esmos |
| dative | *(é)-esey | *? | *(é)-esmos |
| locative | *(é)-es, *(é)-esi | *? | *(é)-esu |
| instrumental | *(é)-esh₁ | *? | *(é)-esmis |
| neuter | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *(é)-es | *(é)-esih₁ | *(é)-ēs |
| vocative | *(é)-es | *(é)-esih₁ | *(é)-ēs |
| accusative | *(é)-es | *(é)-esih₁ | *(é)-ēs |
| genitive | *(é)-esos | *? | *(é)-esoHom |
| ablative | *(é)-esos | *? | *(é)-esmos |
| dative | *(é)-esey | *? | *(é)-esmos |
| locative | *(é)-es, *(é)-esi | *? | *(é)-esu |
| instrumental | *(é)-esh₁ | *? | *(é)-esmis |
Derived terms
Category Proto-Indo-European terms suffixed with *-ēs not found
Related terms
Descendants
- Hellenic:
- Ancient Greek: -ης (-ēs)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *-ās
- Proto-Indo-Aryan: *-ās
- Sanskrit: -अष् (-aṣ)
- Proto-Indo-Aryan: *-ās
References
- Sihler, Andrew L. (1995) New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 310
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