< Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European

Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/(s)kewd-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Root

*(s)kewd-[1][2]

  1. to advance, push
  2. to drive, propel

Derived terms
Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *(s)kewd-‎ (7 c, 0 e)
  • *(s)kéwd-e-ti ~ *(s)kéwd-o-nti (thematic root present)[2]
    • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *čáwdati
      • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *ćáwdati
    • >? Proto-Albanian:[2]
      • Proto-Albanian: *skeuda[3]
        • Albanian: hedh (“to throw”)
    • >? Proto-Germanic: *skeutaną (“to shoot”) (disputed[4]) (see there for further descendants)
  • *(s)kud-tó-s (“propelled”)
    • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *čutˢtás
      • Proto-Iranian: *custáh
        • Persian: چست (čost, “quick, active”)
  • *(s)kud-eh₂-yé-ti
    • Proto-Balto-Slavic: *kūˀdā́ˀtei
      • Latvian: kûdît, kûdinât (“to drive, to urge”) (possibly)
      • Lithuanian: skiautė, skutai
      • Proto-Slavic: *kydati impf, *kydnǫti pf (see there for further descendants)
    • Proto-Germanic: *huttōną (“to run”) (see there for further descendants)
Unsorted formations
  • >? Proto-Scythian: *Skuδa (“shooter”)[5]
    • → Ancient Greek: Σκύθης (Skúthēs, “Scythian”) (see there for further descendants)

References
  1. Pokorny, Julius (1959) “2. (s)keud-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 955
  2. Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*(s)keu̯d-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 560
  3. Orel, Vladimir E. (1998) “Proto-Indo-European/(s)kewd-”, in Albanian Etymological Dictionary, Leiden, Boston, Köln: Brill, →ISBN, pages 143-144
  4. Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*skeutan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 445
  5. Szemerényi, Oswald (1980) Four old Iranian ethnic names: Scythian – Skudra – Sogdian – Saka‎, Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, →ISBN>
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