Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/(s)gʷes-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Root

*(s)gʷes-[1]

to extinguish

Alternative reconstructions

*(s)gʷesh₂-[2]

Derived terms

*(s)gʷés-e-ti (thematic root present)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ǰásati
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *ȷ́ásatay
    - Sanskrit: जसते (jásate, “is extinguished”)
  - Proto-Iranian: *ǰáhati
    - Khotanese: [script needed] (ysah-, “to cease”)
*(s)gʷés-ti ~ *(s)gʷs-énti (athematic root present)
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *gestei (“to extinguish”)
  - Latvian: dzēst
  - Lithuanian: gesti
*(s)gʷés-t ~ *(s)gʷs-ént (athematic root aorist)[2]
- Proto-Tocharian: *käs- (“to extinguish”) (see there for further descendants)
*(s)gʷés-ye-ti (ye-present)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ǰásyati
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *ȷ́ásyati
    - Sanskrit: जस्यति (jásyati, “to be exhausted”)
*(s)gʷḗs-s-t ~ *(s)gʷés-s-n̥t (s-aorist)[2]
- Proto-Hellenic:
  - Ancient Greek: σβέσαι (sbésai), σβέσσαι (sbéssai)
    - ⇒ Ancient Greek: σβέννυμι (sbénnumi, “to quench, extinguish”)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Háǰasat
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *Háǰasat
    - Sanskrit: दसत् (dasat, “to be languished”)
*(s)gʷos-éye-ti (eye-causative)[3]
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ǰāsáyati
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *ȷ́āsáyati
    - Sanskrit: जासयति (jāsayati, “to exhaust”)
*(s)gʷōs-éye-ti (lengthened causative)[4]
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *gōsīˀtei
  - Proto-Slavic: *gasiti (“to extinguish”) (see there for further descendants)
*(s)gʷés-ti-s ~ *(s)gʷs-téys[1][3]
- Proto-Germanic: *kwistiz (“damage, destruction”) (see there for further descendants)

Unsorted formations

Proto-Celtic: *bāstom (“death”)
- Middle Irish: bás
  - Irish: bás
  - Manx: baase
  - Scottish Gaelic: bàs

References

Pokorny, Julius (1959) “g^u̯es-, zg^u̯es-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, pages 479-480
Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*(s)g^u̯esh₂-¹”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 541-542
Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*kwisti-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 320
Derksen, Rick (2008) “*gasìti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 161: “v. (b/c) ‘extinguish’”

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[IEW-1] Pokorny, Julius (1959) “g^u̯es-, zg^u̯es-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, pages 479-480

[LIV-2] Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*(s)g^u̯esh₂-¹”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 541-542

[EDPG-3] Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*kwisti-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 320

[4] Derksen, Rick (2008) “*gasìti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 161: “v. (b/c) ‘extinguish’”