< Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European

Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ḱweyt-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Root

*ḱweyt-[1][2][3]

  1. to shine

Derived terms
Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *ḱweyt-‎ (14 c, 0 e)
  • *ḱwéyt-t ~ *ḱwit-ént (root aorist)[1]
    • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Háćwaytˢt ~ *Háćwitan[4]
      • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *Háśwayt ~ *Háświtan
        • Sanskrit: अश्वितन् (áśvitan, “to become bright, white”)
  • *ḱwéyt-ti ~ *ḱwit-énti (athematic root present)
    • Proto-Balto-Slavic: *śweistei
      • ⇒ Proto-Balto-Slavic: *śweisas
  • *ḱwḗyt-ti ~ *ḱwéyt-n̥ti (Narten-type athematic root present)
    • Proto-Balto-Slavic: *śwēistei
      • Lithuanian: šviẽsti (“to shine”)
  • *ḱwéy-né-t-ti ~ *ḱwi-n-t-énti (nasal infix)[1]
    • Proto-Balto-Slavic: *śwístei (see there for further descendants)
    • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ćwaynátˢti ~ *ćwintánti
      • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *śwaynátti ~ *świntánti
        • Sanskrit: श्विन्दते (śvindate, “to shine”)
  • *ḱwéyt-e-tor
    • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ćwáytatay
      • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *śwáytatay
        • Sanskrit: श्वेतते (śvetate, “to shine, be white”)
  • *ḱwit-éh₁(ye)-ti ~ *ḱwit-е́h₁(ye)-n̥ti (eh₁(ye)-stative)[1][2]
  • *ḱweyt-ó-s (“white”)[6][7]
    • Proto-Balto-Slavic: *kweitás (analogical k-?)
    • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ćwaytás (see there for further descendants)
  • *ḱweyt-ōr ~ ḱwit-nós?[10]
    • Proto-Germanic: *hwītaz, *hwittaz (see there for further descendants) (Kroonen assumes Kluge's law in the genitive singular)
      • ⇒? Proto-Germanic: *hwaitijaz (“wheat”) (or < *ḱweyd-) (see there for further descendants)
  • *ḱwoyt-ó-s[11]
    • Proto-Balto-Slavic: *śwaitas[12]
      • Proto-Slavic: *světъ (see there for further descendants)
    • Proto-Balto-Slavic: *śwaitī́ˀtei
      • Lithuanian: švaitýti
      • Proto-Slavic: *světiti (see there for further descendants)
    • >? Proto-Balto-Slavic: *kwaitas[11] (or perhaps from a separate root *kweyt- (“to shine, gleam; to bloom”)[2])
      • Proto-Slavic: *květъ (“flower”) (see there for further descendants)
  • *ḱwit-ró-s
    • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ćwitrás (see there for further descendants)

References
  1. Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*k̑ṷei̭t-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 340
  2. Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*kṷei̭t-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 375
  3. Pokorny, Julius (1959) “*k̑uei-t-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, pages 628-629
  4. Lubotsky, Alexander (2011) “śvet”, in The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University
  5. Derksen, Rick (2015) “švitėti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 456
  6. Fortson, Benjamin W. (2004, 2010) Indo-European Language and Culture: An Introduction, Oxford: Blackwell
  7. Lubotsky, Alexander (2011) “śvetá”, in The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University
  8. Fraenkel, Ernst (1955, 1962–1965) Litauisches etymologisches Wörterbuch‎, volumes I–II, Heidelberg-Göttingen: Carl Winter and Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht
  9. Balaišis, Vytautas (1994) “Das Problem der gotischen Diphthonge ai, au und die litauischen Lehnwörter kvietỹs „Weizen“, kliẽpas „Laibbrot“”, in Baltistica‎ (in German), volume 4, Vilnius: Vilnius University, →DOI
  10. Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*hwīta- ~ *hwitta-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 267
  11. Derksen, Rick (2008) “*kvě̑tъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, →ISSN, pages 259-258
  12. Derksen, Rick (2008) “*světъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 476
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