< Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European

Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ḱléwseti

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Etymology

From *ḱlew- (to hear) + *-seti.[1]

Verb

*ḱléwseti (imperfective)[2][1]

  1. to be listening

Inflection

Imperfective, thematic
3rd singular *ḱléwseti
3rd plural *ḱléwsonti
Active voice Present indicative Past indicative Imperative Subjunctive Optative
1st singular *ḱléwsoh₂ *ḱléwsom *ḱléwsōh₂ *ḱléwsoyh₁m̥
2nd singular *ḱléwsesi *ḱléwses *ḱléwse *ḱléwsēsi *ḱléwsoys
3rd singular *ḱléwseti *ḱléwset *ḱléwsetu *ḱléwsēti *ḱléwsoyt
1st dual *ḱléwsowos *ḱléwsowe *ḱléwsōwos *ḱléwsoywe
2nd dual *ḱléwsetes *ḱléwsetom *ḱléwsetom *ḱléwsētes *ḱléwsoytom
3rd dual *ḱléwsetes *ḱléwsetām *ḱléwsetām *ḱléwsētes *ḱléwsoytām
1st plural *ḱléwsomos *ḱléwsome *ḱléwsōmos *ḱléwsoyme
2nd plural *ḱléwsete *ḱléwsete *ḱléwsete *ḱléwsēte *ḱléwsoyte
3rd plural *ḱléwsonti *ḱléwsont *ḱléwsontu *ḱléwsōnti *ḱléwsoyh₁n̥t
Participle *ḱléwsonts
Middle voice Present indicative Past indicative Imperative Subjunctive Optative
1st singular *ḱléwsoh₂er *ḱléwsoh₂e *ḱléwsōh₂er *ḱléwsoyh₂e
2nd singular *ḱléwseth₂er *ḱléwseth₂e *ḱléwseso *ḱléwsēth₂er *ḱléwsoyth₂e
3rd singular *ḱléwsetor *ḱléwseto *? *ḱléwsētor *ḱléwsoyto, *ḱléwsoyh₁o
1st dual *ḱléwsowosdʰh₂ *ḱléwsowedʰh₂ *ḱléwsōwosdʰh₂ *ḱléwsoywedʰh₂
2nd dual *? *? *? *? *?
3rd dual *? *? *? *? *?
1st plural *ḱléwsomosdʰh₂ *ḱléwsomedʰh₂ *ḱléwsōmosdʰh₂ *ḱléwsoymedʰh₂
2nd plural *ḱléwsedʰh₂we *ḱléwsedʰh₂we *ḱléwsedʰh₂we *ḱléwsēdʰh₂we *ḱléwsoydʰh₂we
3rd plural *ḱléwsoror, *ḱléwsontor *ḱléwsoro, *ḱléwsonto *? *ḱléwsōror, *ḱléwsōntor *ḱléwsoyro, *ḱléwsoyh₁n̥to
Participle *ḱléwsomnos

Derived terms

Descendants

  • Proto-Balto-Slavic: *klaušatei[3]
    • Proto-Slavic: *slušati (to listen) (see there for further descendants)
  • Proto-Germanic: *hlusjaną, *hlusinōną (to hear, listen)
    • Old English: hlosnian, hlysnan
      • Middle English: listenen
    • Old High German:
      • Middle High German: lüsenen
  • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *śráwšati
    • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *śráwṣati
      • Sanskrit: श्रोषति (śroṣati, to listen, obey)

References

  1. Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*k̑leu̯s-¹”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 336
  2. Pokorny, Julius (1959) “I. k̑leu-, k̑leu̯ə-, k̑lū-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, pages 605-606
  3. Derksen, Rick (2015) “klausyti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 249:BSL *klou(ʔ)s-
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