Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/twinaz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Alternative forms

*twinjaz

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *dwino- (“twin”), from Proto-Indo-European *dwóh₁ (“two”). Cognate with Lithuanian dvynys (“twin”), Russian дво́йня (dvójnja, “twin”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈtwi.nɑz/

Adjective

*twinaz

double, two each

Noun

*twinaz m

twin

Inflection

masculine a-stemDeclension of *twinaz (masculine a-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*twinaz	twinōz, twinōs
vocative	*twin	twinōz, twinōs
accusative	*twiną	*twinanz
genitive	twinas, twinis	*twinǫ̂
dative	*twinai	*twinamaz
instrumental	*twinō	*twinamiz

Derived terms

*twinjaz
*twinilaz
*twinilingaz

Related terms

*twihnaz/*twīhnaz

Descendants

⇒ Old English: twin, twinn, tƿin
- Middle English: twinne, twynne
  - Scots: twin, twyn
  - English: twin
- ⇒ Old English: *twinling
  - Middle English: twynlynge
    - English: twinling
- ⇒ Old English: ġetwin, ġetwinn, ġetƿin (< *twinjaz)
Old Frisian: twina, twine
- ⇒ Old Frisian: *twinling, *twilling
  - Saterland Frisian: Twilling
  - West Frisian: twilling
    - → English: twinling
⇒ Old Saxon: *twenling
- Middle Low German: twēlink
  - (German Low German: Twennel)
⇒ Old Dutch: *twinling
- Middle Dutch: twiling, twilling, tweiling, tweilinc, tweelinc
  - Dutch: tweeling
Old High German: zwinal, zwenel
- ⇒ Old High German: zwiniling
  - Middle High German: zwineling, zwinling, zwillinc
    - German: Zwilling
Old Norse: tvinnr, tvennr (< *twinjaz)
- Icelandic: tvennur
  - ⇒ Icelandic: tvenna
- Faroese: tvinnur
- Norwegian Nynorsk: tvenn, tvinn
- ⇒ Old Norse: tvinnir (plural), tvennir (plural)
  - Icelandic: tvennir
  - Faroese: tvennir
  - Norwegian Nynorsk: tvenne
  - Old Swedish: tvænne
    - Swedish: tvenne
  - Old Danish: twænnæ, twinnæ
    - Danish: tvende
    - → Norwegian Bokmål: tvenne, tvende
- ⇒ Old Norse: *tvinlingr
  - Norwegian:
    - Norwegian Bokmål: tvilling
    - Norwegian Nynorsk: tvilling
  - Old Swedish: tvinlinger
    - Swedish: tvilling
  - Old Danish: tvinling
    - Danish: tvilling

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