< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic

Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/sumpaz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

Compare *swammaz (“sponge, fungus”).[1][2] It is unclear whether both words are of Indo-European origin or wanderworts.[3]

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /ˈsum.pɑz/

Noun

*sumpaz m

  1. fungus, sponge
    Synonym: *swambaz
  2. swamp, marsh
    Synonyms: *fanją, *sīką, *strōduz, *swambaz

Inflection
masculine a-stemDeclension of *sumpaz (masculine a-stem)
singular plural
nominative *sumpaz *sumpōz, *sumpōs
vocative *sump *sumpōz, *sumpōs
accusative *sumpą *sumpanz
genitive *sumpas, *sumpis *sumpǫ̂
dative *sumpai *sumpamaz
instrumental *sumpō *sumpamiz

Descendants
  • Proto-West Germanic: *sump
    • Old English: *sump
      • Middle English: sumpe (possibly, attested 1240)
    • Old Frisian: *sump
      • Saterland Frisian: Sump
      • West Frisian: sompe, somp
    • Old Saxon: *sump
      • Middle Low German: sump
        • German Low German: Sump
        • Plautdietsch: Somp
        • → Norwegian: sump
    • Old Dutch: *sump
      • Middle Dutch: sump, somp
        • Dutch: zomp
        • → Middle English: (or from Middle Low German) sompe; swamp (a blend of sompe and swam)
          • English: sump; swamp (see there for further descendants)
    • Old High German: *sumpf
  • Old Norse: soppr

References
  1. Friedrich Kluge (1883) “Sumpf”, in John Francis Davis, transl., Etymological Dictionary of the German Language, published 1891
  2. Pokorny, Julius (1959) chapter 1052, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 1052
  3. van der Sijs, Nicoline, editor (2010), “zomp2”, in Etymologiebank, Meertens Institute
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