< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/skadwijaną
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This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Germanic
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈskɑð.wi.jɑ.nɑ̃/
Inflection
Conjugation of *skadwijaną (weak class 1)
| active voice | passive voice | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive |
| 1st singular | *skadwijō | *skadwijaų | — | *skadwijai | ? |
| 2nd singular | *skadwīsi | *skadwijais | *skadwī | *skadwijasai | *skadwijaisau |
| 3rd singular | *skadwīþi | *skadwijai | *skadwijaþau | *skadwijaþai | *skadwijaiþau |
| 1st dual | *skadwijōs | *skadwijaiw | — | — | — |
| 2nd dual | *skadwijaþiz | *skadwijaiþiz | *skadwijaþiz | — | — |
| 1st plural | *skadwijamaz | *skadwijaim | — | *skadwijanþai | *skadwijainþau |
| 2nd plural | *skadwīþ | *skadwijaiþ | *skadwīþ | *skadwijanþai | *skadwijainþau |
| 3rd plural | *skadwijanþi | *skadwijain | *skadwijanþau | *skadwijanþai | *skadwijainþau |
| past tense | indicative | subjunctive | |||
| 1st singular | *skadwidǭ | *skadwidēdį̄ | |||
| 2nd singular | *skadwidēz | *skadwidēdīz | |||
| 3rd singular | *skadwidē | *skadwidēdī | |||
| 1st dual | *skadwidēdū | *skadwidēdīw | |||
| 2nd dual | *skadwidēdudiz | *skadwidēdīdiz | |||
| 1st plural | *skadwidēdum | *skadwidēdīm | |||
| 2nd plural | *skadwidēdud | *skadwidēdīd | |||
| 3rd plural | *skadwidēdun | *skadwidēdīn | |||
| present | past | ||||
| participles | *skadwijandz | *skadwidaz | |||
Descendants
- Proto-West Germanic: *skadwijan
- Old Saxon: skadoian
- Old Dutch: skediwen
- Old High German: *sketiwen
- Middle High German: schetewen
- Gothic: *𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌳𐍅𐌾𐌰𐌽 (*skadwjan)
- ⇒ Gothic: 𐌿𐍆𐌰𐍂𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌳𐍅𐌾𐌰𐌽 (ufarskadwjan)
References
- Orel, Vladimir (2003) “*skaðwjanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 331
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