Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/knībaz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *gneybʰ- (“to pinch, nip”), from Proto-Indo-European *gen- (“to pinch, squeeze, bend, press, ball up”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈkniː.βɑz/

Noun

*knībaz m

pincers; shears
knife
Synonyms: *dalkaz, *sahsą

Inflection

masculine a-stemDeclension of *knībaz (masculine a-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*knībaz	knībōz, knībōs
vocative	*knīb	knībōz, knībōs
accusative	*knībą	*knībanz
genitive	knības, knībis	*knībǫ̂
dative	*knībai	*knībamaz
instrumental	*knībō	*knībamiz

Related terms

*knībaną
*knīpaną

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *knīb
- Old English: cnīf (possible reborrowing from Old Norse knífr or Middle Dutch cnīf, cnijf)
  - Middle English: knyf, knif
    - Scots: knyfe, knife
    - English: knife
      - Sranan Tongo: nefi
    - Yola: kunnife
    - → French: canif
- Old Frisian: *knīf
  - West Frisian: kniif, knyf, knyft
- Old Saxon: *knīf
  - Middle Low German: knîf
    - German Low German: Knief
    - Low German: knief, kniiv, knif
    - Plautdietsch: Kjnief
- Old Dutch: *cnīf
  - Middle Dutch: cnijf
    - Dutch: knijf (dialectal)
- Old High German: *knīb (?)
  - Middle High German: knîp; knîf (latter West Central German)
    - German: Kneip (dialectal); Knifte
    - Luxembourgish: Knäip
- → Vulgar Latin: *cnīfus (see there for further descendants)
Proto-Norse: *ᚲᚾᛁᛒᚨᛉ (*knibaʀ)
- Old Norse: knífr
  - Icelandic: knífur, hnífur
  - Faroese: knívur
  - Norwegian:
    - Norwegian Bokmål: kniv
    - Norwegian Nynorsk: kniv
  - Elfdalian: knaiv
  - Old Swedish: knīver
    - Swedish: kniv
  - Danish: kniv
  - Gutnish: kneiv
  - → Old English: cnīf
    - Middle English: knyf, knif
      - Scots: knyfe, knife
      - English: knife
        Sranan Tongo: nefi
      - Yola: kunnife
      - → French: canif
  - → North Frisian: Knif
- → Proto-Samic: *nijpē
  - Western Samic:
    - Southern Sami: nejpie (from *nëjpē)
    - Ume Sami: nijbbie
    - Pite Sami: nijjbe
    - Lule Sami: nijbbe
    - Northern Sami: niibi
  - Eastern Samic:
    - Inari Sami: nijbe
    - Skolt Sami: neiʹbb
    - Akkala Sami: ныййпь (nyjjp’)
    - Kildin Sami: ныййп (nyjjp)
    - Ter Sami: nijjbe

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