< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic

Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/karmiz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Alternative forms

  • *karmaz

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *ǵh₂r-smn̥ (call, cry), from *ǵeh₂r- (to call). Cognate with Old Irish gairm (call, shout).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈkɑr.miz/

Noun

*karmiz m

  1. (West Germanic) cry; call; shout; lament
  2. (West Germanic) noise; sound; alarm

Inflection

i-stemDeclension of *karmiz (i-stem)
singular plural
nominative *karmiz *karmīz
vocative *karmi *karmīz
accusative *karmį *karminz
genitive *karmīz *karmijǫ̂
dative *karmī *karmimaz
instrumental *karmī *karmimiz

Descendants

  • Proto-West Germanic: *karmi, *karm
    • Old English: ċierm (< *karmiz); ċearm (< *karmaz)
    • Old Frisian: *zerm, *kerm
      • West Frisian: tsjirmje, tjirmje, kjirmje
    • Old Saxon: karm, *kerm
      • Middle Low German: karmen, kermen (to wail, whine, whimper, lament, sigh, moan)
    • Old Dutch: *karm, *kerm
    • Old High German: *charm
      • Middle High German: karmen (to mourn, grieve, lament)
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