< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/karmiz
Proto-Germanic
Alternative forms
- *karmaz
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *ǵh₂r-smn̥ (“call, cry”), from *ǵeh₂r- (“to call”). Cognate with Old Irish gairm (“call, shout”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈkɑr.miz/
Inflection
i-stemDeclension of *karmiz (i-stem) | |||
---|---|---|---|
singular | plural | ||
nominative | *karmiz | *karmīz | |
vocative | *karmi | *karmīz | |
accusative | *karmį | *karminz | |
genitive | *karmīz | *karmijǫ̂ | |
dative | *karmī | *karmimaz | |
instrumental | *karmī | *karmimiz |
Descendants
- Proto-West Germanic: *karmi, *karm
- Old English: ċierm (< *karmiz); ċearm (< *karmaz)
- Old Frisian: *zerm, *kerm
- ⇒ West Frisian: tsjirmje, tjirmje, kjirmje
- Old Saxon: karm, *kerm
- Old Dutch: *karm, *kerm
- Old High German: *charm
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