< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic

Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/kalbaz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

Unknown. The connection with Proto-Indo-European *gʷelbʰ- is problematic due to the missing labiovelar in Germanic.[1] However, *gʷl̥bʰus- or the weak stem of *gʷélbʰ-us ~ *gʷl̥bʰ-éws would yield *kulbuz-, from which the variant *kelbuz-, also attested in Germanic, could have been derived analogically as a strong stem, whose influence might explain the missing labialization in *kalbiz-.

Pokorny connects it to Latin galba (“little worm, larva; small person or animal”), itself perhaps of Gaulish origin, and proposes Proto-Indo-European *gel(e)b⁽ʰ⁾- as a labial extension of *gel- (“form into a ball; ball”);[2] compare Old English clyppan (“to hug, embrace; to clasp”) (modern English clasp), German Klafter (“armful, fathom”), Latvian glābt (“to save”), and Latin glaeba (“clod”), globus (“round object”). However, such irregular correspondences between *kalbaz and galba would more likely point to substrate origin.

Has been compared to Mingrelian ქაბლა (kabla), itself of uncertain origin.[3]

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /ˈkɑl.βɑz/

Noun

*kalbaz n[1]

  1. calf (young cow)

Inflection
z-stemDeclension of *kalbaz (z-stem)
singular plural
nominative *kalbaz *kalbizō
vocative *kalbaz *kalbizō
accusative *kalbaz *kalbizō
genitive *kalbiziz *kalbizǫ̂
dative *kalbizi *kalbizumaz
instrumental *kalbizē *kalbizumiz

Derived terms
  • *kalbǭ (“heifer”)
    • Old High German: chalbā
      • Middle High German: kalbe
        • German: Kalbe
        • ⇒ Alemannic German: Kalbala, Kalbla
        • ⇒ Cimbrian: khalbala
        • ⇒ German: Kalbele
    • Gothic: 𐌺𐌰𐌻𐌱𐍉 (kalbō)

Descendants

References
  1. Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*kalbiz-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 278
  2. Pokorny, Julius (1959) “geleb(h)-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, pages 358-359
  3. Климов, Г. А. (1994) Древнейшие индоевропеизмы картвельских языков [The Oldest Indo-Europeanisms in Kartvelian Languages] (in Russian), Moscow: Nasledie, →ISBN, page 197
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