< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic

Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/haglą

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

Unknown. Traditionally compared to Ancient Greek κόχλαξ (kókhlax), κάχληξ (kákhlēx, “pebble(s), small stone(s), gravel (in a riverbed)”) which would point to Proto-Indo-European *kagʰl- (“pebble”). Beekes instead asserts that the Greek is of substrate origin, on the basis of its irregular variation and the suffix -ακ- (-ak-).[1][2] Alternatively, *haglaz may be:

  • From pre-Germanic *ḱo-ḱl(h₁)-ó-m, similar to *hehlǭ (“hoarfrost”), from a reduplication of Proto-Indo-European *ḱel(h₁)- (“cold”), thus similar in formation to Sanskrit शिशिर (śíśira, “cool, cold; hoarfrost”) (perhaps from *ḱí-ḱl̥h₁-o-[3]).[4]
  • Derived from a verb *hag(g)ōną (“to torment, agonize”), in view of the Faroese meaning “pain, inconvenience”.[1]

Attested as haal in the Codex Vindobonensis, despite all of the other names preserving -z, so in Gothic 𐌷𐌰𐌲𐌻 was the name of 𐌷 (compare daaz for dags)

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /ˈxɑɣ.lɑ̃/

Noun

*haglą n[1]

  1. hail (the precipitation)
  2. (Runic alphabet) name of the H-rune (ᚺ, ᚻ)

Inflection
neuter a-stemDeclension of *haglą (neuter a-stem)
singular plural
nominative *haglą *haglō
vocative *haglą *haglō
accusative *haglą *haglō
genitive *haglas, *haglis *haglǫ̂
dative *haglai *haglamaz
instrumental *haglō *haglamiz

Derived terms

Descendants
  • Old Norse: hagl
    • Icelandic: hagl
    • Faroese: hagl, høgl, heglingur
    • Norwegian: hagl
    • Old Swedish: haghl
    • Old Danish: haghæl
    • Gutnish: hagel

References
  1. Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*hagla-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 199
  2. Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “κάχληξ, -ηκος”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 660
  3. Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*hihelōn-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 226
  4. Orel, Vladimir (2003) “*xaʒlan ~ *xaʒlaz”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 150
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