< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic

Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hagatusjō

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

Uncertain; possibly from *hagaz (“skilled, crafty”) +‎ *tusjō (“witch, demon”) (whence Norwegian tysja (“witch, demon”)), perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *dʰus-yéh₂, from *dʰews- (“breath; spirit”) (whence *deuzą (“animal, beast”).[1] However, this devoicing is phonetically irregular. The second part is more likely from Proto-Indo-European *dus- (“bad, evil”).

Noun

*hagatusjō f[1]

  1. (West Germanic) witch

Inflection
ō-stemDeclension of *hagatusjō (ō-stem)
singular plural
nominative *hagatusjō *hagatusjôz
vocative *hagatusjō *hagatusjôz
accusative *hagatusjǭ *hagatusjōz
genitive *hagatusjōz *hagatusjǫ̂
dative *hagatusjōi *hagatusjōmaz
instrumental *hagatusjō *hagatusjōmiz

Descendants
  • Proto-West Germanic: *hagatussjā, *hagatusi
    • Old English: hægtesse, hægtes, hægtess, hegtes
      • Middle English: hagge, hegge
    • Old Frisian: *hegtesse, *hexe
    • Old Saxon: *hagatusia
      • Middle Low German: hexe
        • German Low German: Häxe, Hexe
        • Plautdietsch: Hakjs
        • → Danish: heks
        • → Norwegian Nynorsk: heks
        • → Swedish: häxa
    • Old Dutch: *hagatissa
      • Middle Dutch: hagetisse
    • Old High German: hagzissa, hagazussa, hagzussa, hāzissa, hāzussa, hāzessa, hāzus
      • Middle High German: hecse, hesse, hexse, hegxse, hexe
        • German: Hexe
          • → Dutch: heks
            • Afrikaans: heks
            • → Papiamentu: hèks
          • → Polish: heks
        • Luxembourgish: Hex

References
  1. Friedrich Kluge (1989) “Hachse”, in Elmar Seebold, editor, Etymologisches Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache [Etymological Dictionary of the German Language] (in German), 22nd edition, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, →ISBN
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