< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/biliz
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This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Germanic
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *bʰil-i-s, from *bʰil- (“good, decent”). Cognate with Ancient Greek φίλος (phílos, “dear, beloved, lief”), Old Irish bil (“good, mild”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈbi.liz/
Inflection
Declension of *biliz (i-stem)
| strong declension | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | feminine | neuter | ||||
| singular | plural | singular | plural | singular | plural | |
| nominative | *biliz | *biljai | *bilī | *biljôz | *bilį, *-jatō | *biljō |
| accusative | *biljanǭ | *biljanz | *biljǭ | *biljōz | *bilį, *-jatō | *biljō |
| genitive | *biljas, *bilis | *biljaizǫ̂ | *biljaizōz | *biljaizǫ̂ | *biljas, *bilis | *biljaizǫ̂ |
| dative | *biljammai | *biljaimaz | *biljaizōi | *biljaimaz | *biljammai | *biljaimaz |
| instrumental | *biljanō | *biljaimiz | *biljaizō | *biljaimiz | *biljanō | *biljaimiz |
| weak declension | ||||||
| masculine | feminine | neuter | ||||
| singular | plural | singular | plural | singular | plural | |
| nominative | *biljô | *biljaniz | *biljǭ | *biljōniz | *biljô | *biljōnō |
| accusative | *biljanų | *biljanunz | *biljōnų | *biljōnunz | *biljô | *biljōnō |
| genitive | *biliniz | *biljanǫ̂ | *biljōniz | *biljōnǫ̂ | *biliniz | *biljanǫ̂ |
| dative | *bilini | *biljammaz | *biljōni | *biljōmaz | *bilini | *biljammaz |
| instrumental | *bilinē | *biljammiz | *biljōnē | *biljōmiz | *bilinē | *biljammiz |
Descendants
- Old English: bile-, bele (in compounds: bilewit, belewit; bilehwīt)
- Middle English: bilewit, bilewhit
- Old Frisian: *billīk
- Saterland Frisian: billich (“fair, equitable, just”)
- West Frisian: billik, binlik
- Old Saxon: bili (in compound: biliwit; unbilithunga); *billīk
- Old Dutch: *biliwit; *bili; *billīk
- Old High German: bili (in compounds: *biliwiz); billūh, billīh
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