< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic

Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/Inguz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

Uncertain; possibly from *inguz, *unguz (“mortal; man”), from Proto-Indo-European *n̥ḱús (“dead, mortal”), from *neḱ- (“to die, perish”) +‎ *-us.[1] Thought to be the human incarnation of Nerthus, and the original name of the Norse fertility god Freyr.

Proper noun

*Inguz m[2][3]

  1. Ing, Yngvi, god of fertility
  2. Son of Mannus, progenitor of the Ynglings and Ingaevones.
  3. (Runic alphabet) name of the ing-rune (ᛜ)

Inflection
u-stemDeclension of *Inguz (u-stem)
singular
nominative *Inguz
vocative *Ingu
accusative *Ingų
genitive *Ingauz
dative *Ingiwi
instrumental *Ingū

Derived terms
  • *Ingwiniz (< *Ingwiniz gen.sg. of *Ingwô, or + *winiz (“friend”))[4]
    • Proto-West Germanic: *Ingwini
      • Old English: Ingwina (gen.pl.) [Beowulf]
      • Old High German: Inguin
    • Old Norse: Yngvin, Ynguni, Yngunni (West-Germanic borrowing?)
  • *Ingumēraz
  • *Ingwjamērijaz,[5] *Ingwjamēraz (+ *mērijaz, *mēraz)
    • → Latin: Inguiomerus
  • *Ingwô
    • Proto-West Germanic: *Ingwō
      • Old Saxon: ᛝᚹ (*ingwe, gen.sg.)[n 1]
      • → Late Latin: Inguo [9th c. CE, Codex Sangallensis 732]
    • Old Norse: Yngvi
    • >? Gothic: [ᛝ]ᛁ ([i(ng)]wi[n])[n 2]
    • → Latin: Ingaevōnēs, Ingvaeōnēs (+ -ōnēs)

Descendants
  • Proto-West Germanic: *Ingu
    • Old English: Ing
      • → English: Ing (learned)
  • Old Norse: *Yngr
    • ⇒ Old Norse: Ynglingr (+ -lingr)
  • Gothic: *𐌹𐌲𐌲𐌿𐍃 (*iggus) or *𐌹𐌲𐌲𐍅𐍃 (*iggws /⁠enguz⁠/)[n 3]

Notes
  1. Possible interpretation of Weser runebone inscription #4988, dated 355 – 410 CE.[6][7]
  2. Possible interpretation of the Ring of Pietroassa inscription.[8]
  3. Latin transcription from the Codex Vindobonensis 795. "Wulfilan" Gothic forms are scholarly reconstructions.[9][10]

Further reading
  • North, Richard (1997) Heathen Gods in Old English Literature, Cambridge University Press, →ISBN

References
  1. Krause, Wolfgang (1944) “Ing”, in Nachrichten der Akademie der Wissenschaften in Göttingen, philologischhistorische Klaise, number 10, Göttingen
  2. Kniezsa, Veronika (1990) “The orthographic aspect of the runes”, in Fisiak, Jacek, editor, Historical Linguistics and Philology (Trends in Linguistics: Studies & Monographs), Mouton De Gruyter, page 248
  3. Inge in Elof Hellquist, Svensk etymologisk ordbok (1st ed., 1922)
  4. Kaser, Max (1939) “Mores maiorum und Gewohnheitsrecht kaser”, in Zeitschrift der Savigny-Stiftung für Rechtsgeschichte, →DOI
  5. Rübekeil, Ludwig (2017–2018) “Chapter IX: Germanic”, in Klein, Jared S., Joseph, Brian D., Fritz, Matthias, editors, Handbook of Comparative and Historical Indo-European Linguistics: An International Handbook (Handbücher zur Sprach- und Kommunikationswissenschaft [Handbooks of Linguistics and Communication Science]; 41.2), Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter Mouton, →ISBN, § The dialectology of Germanic, page 991: “Gmc *Ingwjamē₁ri/jaz”
  6. Pieper, Peter (1989) Die Weser-Runenknochen, Neue Untersuchungen zur Problematik: Original oder Fälschung, Oldenburg: Isensee, page 154
  7. Elmer H., Antonsen (2002) Runes and Germanic Linguistics (Trends in Linguistics. Studies and Monographs), volume 140, Berlin, New York: Mouton De Gruyter, →ISBN, page 318
  8. Harhoiu, Radu, Pieper, Peter, Nedoma, Robert (2003) “Pietroassa”, in Reallexikon der Germanischen Altertumskunde, volume 23, Berlin, New York
  9. Krause, Wolfgang (1968) Handbuch des Gotischen (in German), 3rd edition, Munich: C. H. Beck'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, page 64
  10. Kirchhoff, A. (1854) Das gothische Runenalphabet: eine Abhandlung‎, Berlin: Verlag von Wilhelm Hertz, page 48
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