< Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic

Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/sambudak

This Proto-Finnic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Finnic

Etymology

Possibly borrowed from Indo-Iranian (whence Sanskrit शम्यति (śamyati), शाम्यति (śāmyati, “to be extinguished, die out, abate, cease, stop, go to rest, be calm or quiet”)),[1] but this has been fairly convincingly rejected.[2] An alternative posits a borrowing from Proto-Germanic *stammijaną, but this is likewise uncertain.

Verb

*sambudak (stem *sambu-)

  1. (of fire) to go out
    Synonym: *kustudak

Inflection
Inflection of *sambudak
Note: The Proto-Finnic conjugation system is yet to be reconstructed in detail. What is presented here is only one possibility.
present past imperative optative
1st sing. *sambun *sambuin — *sambugon
2nd sing. *sambut *sambuit *sambuk *sambugos
3rd sing. *sambubi
*sambu		 *sambui *sambugasën *sambugosën
1st plur. *sambukmëk
*sambukmak		 *sambuimëk
*sambuimak		 *sambugatëmëk
*sambugatamak		 *sambugotëmëk
*sambugotamak
2nd plur. *sambuktëk
*sambuktak		 *sambuidëk
*sambuidak		 *sambugatë
*sambugata		 *sambugot'ëk
*sambugotadak
3rd plur. *sambubat
*sambu		 *sambui *sambugasën *sambugosën
passive *sambuksën
*sambut'aksën		 *sambudisën
*sambuttisën		 *sambudakahën
*sambuttakahën		 *sambudakohën
*sambuttakohën
connegative *sambuk — *sambugak *sambugok
passive connegative *sambuktak — *sambudagak
*sambuttagak		 *sambudagok
*sambuttagok
conditional 1 conditional 2 potential
1st sing. *sambukcin *sambuicin *sambunën
2nd sing. *sambukcit *sambuicit *sambunët
3rd sing. *sambukci *sambuici *sambuni
1st plur. *sambukcimëk
*sambukcimak		 *sambuicimëk
*sambuicimak		 *sambunëmëk
*sambunëmak
2nd plur. *sambukcidëk
*sambukcidak		 *sambuicidëk
*sambuicidak		 *sambunëdëk
*sambunëdak
3rd plur. *sambukci *sambuici *sambuni
passive *sambudakcihën
*sambut'akcihën		 *sambudicihën
*sambutticihën		 *sambudanëhën
*sambuttanëhën
connegative *sambukcik *sambuicik *sambunëk
passive connegative *sambudakcik
*sambut'akcik		 *sambudicik
*sambutticik		 *sambudanëk
*sambuttanëk
non-finite forms infinitives/nouns participles
active passive
infinitive 1 *sambudak present *sambuba *sambudapa
*sambuttapa
infinitive 2 *sambudë- past *sambunut *sambudu
*sambuttu
gerund/supine *sambuma
action noun *sambuminen

Descendants
  • Finnish: sammua
  • Ingrian: sammua
  • Karelian:
    • North Karelian: sammuo
    • South Karelian: sammuo, sambuo
  • Livvi: sambuo
  • Ludian: sambuda
  • Veps: sambuda, sampta

References
  1. http://ojs.tsv.fi/index.php/StOrE/article/viewFile/52396/16246
  2. Holopainen, Sampsa & Junttila, Santeri. Die alten arischen und baltischen Lehnverben der uralischen Sprachen (2023)

Further reading
  • Itkonen, Erkki, Kulonen, Ulla-Maija, editors (1992–2000), “sammua”, in Suomen sanojen alkuperä [The origin of Finnish words]‎ (in Finnish) (online version; note: also includes other etymological sources), Helsinki: Institute for the Languages of Finland/Finnish Literature Society, →ISBN
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