Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/mardas

This Proto-Finnic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Finnic

Etymology

Borrowed from Proto-Indo-Iranian *mr̥tás (“dead”), from Proto-Indo-European *mr̥tós.

Adjective

*mardas

dead
dying

Usage notes

May have been used to form a compound noun meaning "epidermis", though the precise formation is unrecoverable. Compare e.g. Estonian marrask, Finnish marraskesi, Ingrian marraskettu, Karelian marrasnahka, Ludian mardaznahk, Livonian mǭrdugnǭ'g (the second component being variably from *keci, *këttu, *nahka).

Inflection

Inflection of *mardas

	singular	plural
Note: The Proto-Finnic declension system is yet to be reconstructed in detail. What is presented here is only one possibility.
nominative	*mardas	*martahët
accusative	*martahën	*martahët
genitive	*martahën	mardastën martahidën
partitive	*mardasta	*martahita
inessive	martahëssa martahëhna	martahissa martahihna
elative	*martahësta	*martahista
illative	*martahësën	*martahisën
adessive	*martahëlla	*martahilla
ablative	*martahëlta	*martahilta
allative	martahëlën martahëlëk	martahilën martahilëk
essive	*mardassa	*martahina
translative	*martahëksi	*martahiksi
instructive	*martahën	*martahin
comitative	*mardassëk	*martahinëk
abessive	*martahëtta	*martahitta

Synonyms

(dead): *koollut, *surnut
(dying): *koolëba, *surëba

Descendants

Estonian: marras (“brittle, fragile”)
Finnish: marras
Ingrian: marras
Karelian: marras

References

Itkonen, Erkki, Kulonen, Ulla-Maija, editors (1992–2000), Suomen sanojen alkuperä [The origin of Finnish words]‎ (in Finnish) (online version; note: also includes other etymological sources), Helsinki: Institute for the Languages of Finland/Finnish Literature Society, →ISBN

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