< Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic

Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/mürkkü

This Proto-Finnic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Finnic

Etymology

Unclear. Has been compared with Hungarian méreg (“poison”) and Proto-Germanic *markiją (“celery”), both assuming Finnic-internal development from earlier *merkkü (compare *lülü, *süntüdäk). The first comparison suffers from additional phonetic problems,[1] the second from semantic ones.[2] Alternately, Finnic-internal derivation from a root *mür- seen in *mürtüdäk (“to become grumpy, to become sour”) and *müredä (“grumpy”) has been suggested,[3] though no suffix *-kkü exists. If Finnish dialectal myrkkä (“smell”) is also related,[1][2] the immediate derivation would be *mürkkä +‎ *-ü. Also posited to be borrowed from Iranian (cf. Ossetian марг (marg, “poison”), Persian مرگ (“death”)), although this theory is highly unlikely.[1]

Noun

*mürkkü

  1. poison
    Synonym: *viha

Inflection
Inflection of *mürkkü
Note: The Proto-Finnic declension system is yet to be reconstructed in detail. What is presented here is only one possibility.
singular plural
nominative *mürkkü *mürk'üt
accusative *mürk'ün *mürk'üt
genitive *mürk'ün *mürkküden
*mürkküiden
partitive *mürkküdä *mürkküidä
inessive *mürk'üssä
*mürk'ühnä		 *mürk'üissä
*mürk'üihnä
elative *mürk'üstä *mürk'üistä
illative *mürkkühen *mürkküihen
adessive *mürk'üllä *mürk'üillä
ablative *mürk'ültä *mürk'üiltä
allative *mürkkülen
*mürkkülek		 *mürkküilen
*mürkküilek
essive *mürkkünä *mürkküinä
translative *mürk'üksi *mürk'üiksi
instructive *mürk'ün *mürk'üin
comitative *mürkkünek *mürkküinek
abessive *mürk'üttä *mürk'üittä

Descendants
  • Estonian: mürk
  • Finnish: myrkky
    • → Lule Sami: mirkko
    • → Northern Sami: mirku
    • → Inari Sami: mirkkâ
    • → Livvi: myrkky
    • → Swedish: myrkko (Northern dialectal)
    • → Votic: mürkkü
  • Ingrian: myrkky
  • Karelian: myrkky (at least partly borrowed from Finnish)

References
  1. Entry #547 in Uralonet, online Uralic etymological database of the Hungarian Research Centre for Linguistics.
  2. Kylstra, A.D.; Hahmo, Sirkka-Liisa; Hofstra, Tette; Nikkilä, Otto. 1991–2012. Lexikon der älteren germanischen Lehnwörter in den ostseefinnischen Sprachen. Amsterdam: Rodopi.
  3. Itkonen, Erkki, Kulonen, Ulla-Maija, editors (1992–2000), Suomen sanojen alkuperä [The origin of Finnish words]‎ (in Finnish) (online version; note: also includes other etymological sources), Helsinki: Institute for the Languages of Finland/Finnish Literature Society, →ISBN
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