< Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic

Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/-ja

This Proto-Finnic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Finnic

Etymology 1

From Proto-Uralic *-ja, which was originally a participle ending in Proto-Uralic. Related to Proto-Samic *-jē.

Suffix

*-ja / *-jä

  1. Forms agent nouns from verbs.
Usage notes

When attached to verbs with a stem in -e-, this changes to -i-. This takes place in most Finnic descendants, but it is uncertain whether this change already occurred in Proto-Finnic.

Inflection

This noun needs an inflection-table template.

Derived terms
Proto-Finnic terms suffixed with *-ja
Descendants
  • Estonian: -ja
  • Finnish: -ja
  • Livonian: -ji
  • Karelian: -ja
  • Veps: -i
  • Võro: -ja, -j
  • Votic: -ja

Etymology 2

Probably cognate with Komi-Zyrian -я (-ja) (in e.g. дыря (dyra)) and Udmurt -я (-ja) (in e.g. дыря (dyra)),[1] in which case from Proto-Finno-Permic *-ja. Compare the illative suffix *-jen (found in e.g. some Estonian dialects and cognate with Proto-Samic *-jën).

Suffix

*-ja / *-jä

  1. Forms nouns, mainly place names or other locative nouns, from nominal stems.
Descendants

*k-lative (*-jak):

  • Estonian: -ja (in dialectal edaja < *etä-jäk), possibly the same suffix as -ja in salaja
  • Finnish: -ia (in kahtia, kotia...)
  • >? Livonian: -i (in kuodāi < *kota-jak, if not *kota-jën)

With external locative suffixes *-lla, *-len, *-lta:

References
  1. Rédei, Károly. Az uráli-finnugor névszóragozás történetéből: A koaffixumok szerepe a névszóragozás kialakulásában. Nyelvtudományi Közlemények 93 (1992–1993). pp. 79–94
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