Inner Manchuria

Distinguishing this region of Greater Manchuria from Outer Manchuria from the perspective of China proper. Cf. Inner Mongolia.

Inner Manchuria

1. Synonym of Manchuria as the three northeastern provinces of China.
   • 2015, James MacDonald, “The First Era of Globalization”, in When Globalization Fails: The Rise and Fall of Pax Americana‎, Farrar, Straus and Giroux, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 48:

     In the north, however, the Russians and Japanese had other ideas and looked to lop bits off the old empire that they could control in a more formal way. Russia gained Outer Manchuria in the 1860s, and in 1895 Japan gained Taiwan.
     What happened next confirmed the worst fears of those who believed that imperialism must lead to war. In 1905, the two rivals went to war over Inner Manchuria, which Russia considered vital because it gave it access to a warm-water port on the Pacific,* and to which Japan felt entitled after its victory in 1895, even if it had been forced to return the Chinese cession of the area in the face of the opposition of the Western powers.

     * In 1860, Russia took over much of Outer Manchuria from China and established Vladivostok as its first port on the Pacific. However, Vladivostok was icebound for several months during the winter, and in 1897, Russia forced China to grant it control of the strategically placed Port Arthur (now in the Chinese city of Dalian) in southern Manchuria, over strong Japanese objections.

   • 2017, Julia C. Schneider, “The New Setting: Political Thinking after 1912”, in Nation and Ethnicity: Chinese Discourses on History,‎, →ISBN, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 277:

     The Convention of Peking, one of several unequal treaties, moreover assigned the parts in the East of the Ussuri River (Wusulijiang) to Russia. Outer Manchuria, also called Russian Manchuria was never claimed to be part of a Chinese nation-state. Today it belongs to the Russian Federation, is no longer referred to as Outer Manchuria, and is considered to be part of Siberia. Consquently, the name Manchuria refers only to Inner Manchuria today. In the following, I will refer to Inner Manchuria as Manchuria.

• Outer Manchuria

• South Manchuria