-TʼÓÓD

See also: tood and tööd

Etymology 1

From Proto-Athabaskan *tʼutʼ (“to suck”). Related to -TʼOD (“to be soft”) and -TʼOH (“to smoke”).

Cognate root found in Ahtna ighiłtʼuutʼ (“he sucked it”), kultʼotʼ (“ground is soft”), Koyukon yiltʊt (“he sucked it on it once”), Carrier əst’ət (“to smoke”).

Root

-TʼÓÓD

  1. to suck, to nurse, to pump, to inject
Theme Category Bases Transitive bases (O + ł)
O + ł motion

S pumps O
O + ł successive

S sucks O

  • yiłtʼoʼ (REP)
  • néinitʼod (SER)
  • yiyiiłtʼoʼ (SEM)

Stem set
Aspect IMP PERF FUT ITER OPT
MOM -tʼood -tʼóód -tʼoł -tʼoʼ -tʼood
REP -tʼoʼ -tʼóód -tʼoł -tʼoʼ -tʼoʼ
SER -tʼod -tʼóód -tʼoł -tʼoʼ -tʼod
SEM -tʼod -tʼod -tʼod -tʼod -tʼod

See also Appendix: Roots and stems derivation.

Synonyms

to suck:

to inject, to pour:

Derived terms

Navajo terms belonging to the root -TʼÓÓD (suck)

Etymology 2

Perhaps from Proto-Athabaskan *tʼučʼ (“to peel, to strip”), with an irregular coda evolution (*-čʼ> -sh would be expected). See also -TʼOD (“arrow sticks”) for a similar issue.

Compare Ahtna idghiltʼuutsʼ (“he peels it”), Carrier əst’us (“to strip”), hanəzt’ûz (“to be bald”), with meanings identical to the ones found in Navajo.

Root

-TʼÓÓD

  1. to tear, to peel, to wear out

Theme Category Bases Transitive base (O + ∅)
∅ motion

S tears, balds, peels


  • iitʼood (∅-MOM)
  • bétʼood
  • yikʼeetʼood
  • haatʼood
  • niitʼood (ni-MOM)

S tears O, plucks O, peels O

  • iitʼood (∅-MOM)
  • yétʼood
  • yikʼeetʼood

  2. to wipe

Theme Category Bases Transitive bases (O + ł)
O + ∅ successive

S wipes O

↳ hatʼood
↳ ádítʼood
  • yiʼniitʼood
  • néinitʼood (REP)
  • yiyiitʼood (SEM)

Stem set
Aspect IMP PERF FUT ITER OPT
MOM -tʼood -tʼóód -tʼoł -tʼoʼ -tʼood
REP -tʼod -tʼóód -tʼoł -tʼoʼ -tʼod
SEM -tʼod -tʼod -tʼod -tʼod -tʼod

See also Appendix: Roots and stems derivation.

Synonyms

to tear, to rip:

to pluck:

  • -NIZH
  • -TSʼIʼ

to wear out:

to wipe:

Derived terms

Navajo terms belonging to the root -TʼÓÓD (tear)

Navajo terms belonging to the root -TʼÓÓD (wipe)

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