-어ᇦ-

Middle Korean

Alternative forms
  • 업 (-ep-), 압 (-ap-) — allophonic before consonants

Etymology

Related to ᄫᅳ (-Wù-). The two suffixes are in complementary distribution in fifteenth-century Middle Korean; 어ᇦ (-eW-) is used after stems ending in falling diphthongs or certain stems with liquid finals, and ᄫᅳ (-Wù-) otherwise.

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /əβ/
    • IPA(key): [əβ~əw] (before vowels)
    • IPA(key): [əp̚] (before consonants)
Harmonic pair
Yin-form 어ᇦ (-eW-)
Yang-form 아ᇦ (-aW-)

Suffix

아ᇦ (-aW-)

  1. A suffix attaching to verbal stems ending in ㅣ (i) or ㄹ (l) to derive adjectives.
    Synonym: ᄫᅳ (-Wù-)

Usage notes
  • ㅣ (i) is usually elided; the main exception is 므ᅀᅴ〮엽다〮 (mùzúyyèp-tá).

Derived terms
  • 답〮ᄭᅡᆸ다〮 (tápskàp-tá, “to be stuffy”)
  • 므ᅀᅴ〮엽다〮 (mùzúyyèp-tá, “to be afraid”)
  • 므〮겁다〮 (múkèp-tá, “to be heavy”)
  • 붓그럽다 (puskulep-ta, “to be ashamed”)
  • 앗갑다 (askap-ta, “to be regrettable”)
  • 어〮즈〮럽다〮 (écúlèp-tá, “to be disorienting”)
  • 즐〮겁다〮 (cúlkèp-tá, “to be pleasing”)
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