-अनीय

From -अन (-ana) +‎ -ईय (-īya).

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /ɐ.níː.jɐ/
• (Classical) IPA^(key): /ɐˈn̪iː.jɐ/

-अनीय • (-anīya)

1. -able
2. that which should, can or may be done

   ‎गम् (gam, “to go”) + ‎-अनीय (-anīya) → ‎गमनीय (gamanīya, “that which can, should or is to be reached or gone to”)

   ‎कृ (kṛ, “to do”) + ‎-अनीय (-anīya) → ‎करणीय (karaṇīya, “that which can, should or is to be done”)

-अनीय (-anīya) shows ability, compulsion, intention or obligation.

It is added to the root form of a verb to form an adjective. For example गम् (gam, “to go”) becomes गमनीय (gamanīya), which means accessible, reachable, or that which should be reached or gone to.

The subject in a sentence using -अनीय (-anīya) is generally in the passive voice. Hence the subject is in the instrumental case and the object is in the nominative. Example:

1. त्वया कर्म करणीयम्। (tvayā karma karaṇīyam.)

   The work must be done by you. Here, करणीय (karaṇīya, “should/must be done”) is an adjective for कर्म (karma, “work”). Notice करणीय (karaṇīya) and कर्म (karma) are both in the nominative, while त्वया (tvayā, “by you”) is in the instrumental.

This suffix is called अनीयर् (anīyar) in Sanskrit.