๐ก๐บ๐ฉ๐๐ช๐ญ
Prakrit
Etymology
Inherited from Sanskrit ๐ฆ๐บ๐ญ๐๐ช๐ญ (nirbhara).
Adjective
๐ก๐บ๐ฉ๐๐ช๐ญ (แนibbhara) (Devanagari เคฃเคฟเคฌเฅเคญเคฐ, Kannada เฒฃเฒฟเฒฌเณเฒญเฒฐ) (Maharastri)
- full, full of
- c. 200 CE โ 600 CE, Hฤla, Gฤhฤ Sattasaฤซ 128:
- ๐ซ๐ณ๐ผ-๐ซ๐ธ๐ฒ-๐ซ๐ธ๐ญ๐ผ๐๐ณ๐
-๐ซ๐ณ๐ผ๐
๐ญ-๐๐๐๐ธ๐ญ-๐ก๐บ๐ฉ๐๐ช๐ญ๐ ๐ญ๐ก๐๐ก๐๐
๐๐ธ๐ ๐ฏ๐บ๐ญ๐ณ-๐ ๐๐๐๐ญ๐ธ๐ฏ๐ค๐๐ฅ-๐ง๐ณ๐บ๐ -๐ซ๐ก-๐ซ๐๐ณ๐ก๐ ๐๐๐ฏ๐ป๐- mahu-mฤsa-mฤruฤhaa-mahuara-jhaแนkฤra-แนibbhare raแนแนe.
gฤฤซ viraha-akkharฤvaddha-pahia-maแนa-mohaแนaแน govฤซ.
- 2009 translation by Peter Khoroche and Herman Tieken
- The spring wind stirs the forest, loud with the drone of bees,
And the cowgirlโs song about parted lovers troubles the lonely traveler.
- The spring wind stirs the forest, loud with the drone of bees,
- mahu-mฤsa-mฤruฤhaa-mahuara-jhaแนkฤra-แนibbhare raแนแนe.
- ๐ซ๐ณ๐ผ-๐ซ๐ธ๐ฒ-๐ซ๐ธ๐ญ๐ผ๐๐ณ๐
-๐ซ๐ณ๐ผ๐
๐ญ-๐๐๐๐ธ๐ญ-๐ก๐บ๐ฉ๐๐ช๐ญ๐ ๐ญ๐ก๐๐ก๐๐
- c. 400 CE, Pravarasena II, Rฤvaแนavadha Canto X, line 17:
- ๐
๐ฏ๐ญ-๐ค๐บ๐ฒ๐ธ-๐ฏ๐บ๐ข๐๐ฃ๐บ๐ก๐ ๐ค๐ป๐ณ-๐ซ๐๐ณ-๐ฏ๐บ๐ฒ๐ซ-๐ง๐๐ง๐ณ๐ธ-๐ฒ๐๐๐ธ๐๐
๐ญ๐ -๐ก๐บ๐ฉ๐๐ช๐ญ๐-๐ฏ๐๐ฏ ๐ค๐ป๐ฒ๐ ๐๐ธ๐ฎ-๐ซ๐ผ๐ณ-๐๐๐๐บ๐ข๐๐ข-๐ค๐บ๐ ๐ฒ-๐๐๐๐ ๐ก ๐ซ๐๐๐๐๐- avara-disฤ-vitthiแนo dฤซha-maลซha-visama-ppahฤ-saแนghฤo.
raa-แนibbharo-vva dฤซsaรฏ kฤla-muha-kkhitta-diasa-kaแธแธhaแนa maggo.
- 1974 translation by Krishna Kanta Handique
- The massive lustre [of the setting sun], uneven with lengthening rays, and spreading in the west,
seemed to be the dusty trail of the day while it was snatched away by the jaws of Death.
- The massive lustre [of the setting sun], uneven with lengthening rays, and spreading in the west,
- avara-disฤ-vitthiแนo dฤซha-maลซha-visama-ppahฤ-saแนghฤo.
- ๐
๐ฏ๐ญ-๐ค๐บ๐ฒ๐ธ-๐ฏ๐บ๐ข๐๐ฃ๐บ๐ก๐ ๐ค๐ป๐ณ-๐ซ๐๐ณ-๐ฏ๐บ๐ฒ๐ซ-๐ง๐๐ง๐ณ๐ธ-๐ฒ๐๐๐ธ๐๐
- c. 1122 โ 1123, Devendra, Uttarฤdhyayana-Vแนtti I. Bambhadatta page 16 lines 16-18:
- ๐ข๐ ๐ง๐ฌ๐ข๐๐ข๐ ๐ฆ๐บ๐ฉ๐๐ช๐ญ๐ ๐๐ป๐ฎ๐ธ-๐ญ๐ฒ๐ ๐๐ป๐ฎ๐๐ข๐๐ฒ๐ผ ๐ฏ๐บ๐ฏ๐บ๐ณ-๐๐ป๐ฎ๐ธ๐ณ๐บ๐ ๐ข๐ญ๐ผ๐ก-๐ฆ๐ญ-๐ฆ๐ธ๐ญ๐ป-๐ฒ๐ข๐๐ฃ๐๐ฒ๐ผ
๐ ๐ข๐๐๐๐บ๐ฌ๐-๐๐๐ฏ ๐ซ๐ฌ-๐ง๐ญ๐ฏ๐๐ฏ๐ฒ๐ ๐๐ธ๐ฎ๐บ๐ฌ-๐ซ๐บ๐๐๐ ๐ฆ๐บ๐ญ๐๐๐ผ๐ฒ๐ ๐ฏ๐บ๐ฌ๐ญ๐บ๐ ๐ญ๐ธ๐ฌ-๐ณ๐ข๐๐ฃ๐ป- tao payatte nibbhare kฤซlฤ-rase kฤซlaแนtesu viviha-kฤซlฤhiแน taruแนa-nara-nฤrฤซ-satthesu
atakkiyaแน-ceva maya-paravvaso gฤliya-miแนแนญho niraแนkuso viyario rฤya-hatthฤซ
- 1909 translation by John Jacob Meyer
- When thereupon the pleasure of sports was at its height and the companies of young men and women were amusing themselves with various pastimes, unexpectedly a royal elephant that was beside himself with rut and had thrown off his driver and [so] was not curbed by the hook, strayed thither.
- tao payatte nibbhare kฤซlฤ-rase kฤซlaแนtesu viviha-kฤซlฤhiแน taruแนa-nara-nฤrฤซ-satthesu
- ๐ข๐ ๐ง๐ฌ๐ข๐๐ข๐ ๐ฆ๐บ๐ฉ๐๐ช๐ญ๐ ๐๐ป๐ฎ๐ธ-๐ญ๐ฒ๐ ๐๐ป๐ฎ๐๐ข๐๐ฒ๐ผ ๐ฏ๐บ๐ฏ๐บ๐ณ-๐๐ป๐ฎ๐ธ๐ณ๐บ๐ ๐ข๐ญ๐ผ๐ก-๐ฆ๐ญ-๐ฆ๐ธ๐ญ๐ป-๐ฒ๐ข๐๐ฃ๐๐ฒ๐ผ
Declension
| Maharastri declension of ๐ก๐บ๐ฉ๐๐ช๐ญ (masculine) | ||
|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | |
| Nominative | ๐ก๐บ๐ฉ๐๐ช๐ญ๐ (แนibbharo) | ๐ก๐บ๐ฉ๐๐ช๐ญ๐ธ (แนibbharฤ) |
| Accusative | ๐ก๐บ๐ฉ๐๐ช๐ญ๐ (แนibbharaแน) | ๐ก๐บ๐ฉ๐๐ช๐ญ๐ (แนibbhare) or ๐ก๐บ๐ฉ๐๐ช๐ญ๐ธ (แนibbharฤ) |
| Instrumental | ๐ก๐บ๐ฉ๐๐ช๐ญ๐๐ก (แนibbhareแนa) or ๐ก๐บ๐ฉ๐๐ช๐ญ๐๐ก๐ (แนibbhareแนaแน) | ๐ก๐บ๐ฉ๐๐ช๐ญ๐๐ณ๐บ (แนibbharehi) or ๐ก๐บ๐ฉ๐๐ช๐ญ๐๐ณ๐บ๐ (แนibbharehiแน) |
| Dative | ๐ก๐บ๐ฉ๐๐ช๐ญ๐ธ๐ (แนibbharฤa) | โ |
| Ablative | ๐ก๐บ๐ฉ๐๐ช๐ญ๐ธ๐ (แนibbharฤo) or ๐ก๐บ๐ฉ๐๐ช๐ญ๐ธ๐ (แนibbharฤu) or ๐ก๐บ๐ฉ๐๐ช๐ญ๐ธ (แนibbharฤ) or ๐ก๐บ๐ฉ๐๐ช๐ญ๐ธ๐ณ๐บ (แนibbharฤhi) or ๐ก๐บ๐ฉ๐๐ช๐ญ๐ธ๐ณ๐บ๐๐ข๐ (แนibbharฤhiแนto) | โ |
| Genitive | ๐ก๐บ๐ฉ๐๐ช๐ญ๐ฒ๐๐ฒ (แนibbharassa) | ๐ก๐บ๐ฉ๐๐ช๐ญ๐ธ๐ก (แนibbharฤแนa) or ๐ก๐บ๐ฉ๐๐ช๐ญ๐ธ๐ก๐ (แนibbharฤแนaแน) |
| Locative | ๐ก๐บ๐ฉ๐๐ช๐ญ๐ซ๐๐ซ๐บ (แนibbharammi) or ๐ก๐บ๐ฉ๐๐ช๐ญ๐ (แนibbhare) | ๐ก๐บ๐ฉ๐๐ช๐ญ๐๐ฒ๐ผ (แนibbharesu) or ๐ก๐บ๐ฉ๐๐ช๐ญ๐๐ฒ๐ผ๐ (แนibbharesuแน) |
| Vocative | ๐ก๐บ๐ฉ๐๐ช๐ญ (แนibbhara) or ๐ก๐บ๐ฉ๐๐ช๐ญ๐ธ (แนibbharฤ) | ๐ก๐บ๐ฉ๐๐ช๐ญ๐ธ (แนibbharฤ) |
| Maharastri declension of ๐ก๐บ๐ฉ๐๐ช๐ญ๐ธ (feminine) | ||
|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | |
| Nominative | ๐ก๐บ๐ฉ๐๐ช๐ญ๐ธ (แนibbharฤ) | ๐ก๐บ๐ฉ๐๐ช๐ญ๐ธ๐ (แนibbharฤo) or ๐ก๐บ๐ฉ๐๐ช๐ญ๐ธ๐ (แนibbharฤu) or ๐ก๐บ๐ฉ๐๐ช๐ญ๐ธ (แนibbharฤ) |
| Accusative | ๐ก๐บ๐ฉ๐๐ช๐ญ๐ (แนibbharaแน) | ๐ก๐บ๐ฉ๐๐ช๐ญ๐ธ๐ (แนibbharฤo) or ๐ก๐บ๐ฉ๐๐ช๐ญ๐ธ๐ (แนibbharฤu) or ๐ก๐บ๐ฉ๐๐ช๐ญ๐ธ (แนibbharฤ) |
| Instrumental | ๐ก๐บ๐ฉ๐๐ช๐ญ๐ธ๐ (แนibbharฤe) or ๐ก๐บ๐ฉ๐๐ช๐ญ๐ธ๐ (แนibbharฤi) or ๐ก๐บ๐ฉ๐๐ช๐ญ๐ธ๐ (แนibbharฤa) | ๐ก๐บ๐ฉ๐๐ช๐ญ๐ธ๐ณ๐บ (แนibbharฤhi) or ๐ก๐บ๐ฉ๐๐ช๐ญ๐ธ๐ณ๐บ๐ (แนibbharฤhiแน) |
| Dative | โ | โ |
| Ablative | ๐ก๐บ๐ฉ๐๐ช๐ญ๐ธ๐ (แนibbharฤo) or ๐ก๐บ๐ฉ๐๐ช๐ญ๐ธ๐ (แนibbharฤu) | ๐ก๐บ๐ฉ๐๐ช๐ญ๐ธ๐ณ๐บ๐๐ข๐ (แนibbharฤhiแนto) |
| Genitive | ๐ก๐บ๐ฉ๐๐ช๐ญ๐ธ๐ (แนibbharฤe) or ๐ก๐บ๐ฉ๐๐ช๐ญ๐ธ๐ (แนibbharฤi) or ๐ก๐บ๐ฉ๐๐ช๐ญ๐ธ๐ (แนibbharฤa) | ๐ก๐บ๐ฉ๐๐ช๐ญ๐ธ๐ก (แนibbharฤแนa) or ๐ก๐บ๐ฉ๐๐ช๐ญ๐ธ๐ก๐ (แนibbharฤแนaแน) |
| Locative | ๐ก๐บ๐ฉ๐๐ช๐ญ๐ธ๐ (แนibbharฤe) or ๐ก๐บ๐ฉ๐๐ช๐ญ๐ธ๐ (แนibbharฤi) or ๐ก๐บ๐ฉ๐๐ช๐ญ๐ธ๐ (แนibbharฤa) | ๐ก๐บ๐ฉ๐๐ช๐ญ๐ธ๐ฒ๐ผ (แนibbharฤsu) or ๐ก๐บ๐ฉ๐๐ช๐ญ๐ธ๐ฒ๐ผ๐ (แนibbharฤsuแน) |
| Vocative | ๐ก๐บ๐ฉ๐๐ช๐ญ๐ (แนibbhare) or ๐ก๐บ๐ฉ๐๐ช๐ญ๐ธ (แนibbharฤ) | ๐ก๐บ๐ฉ๐๐ช๐ญ๐ธ๐ (แนibbharฤo) or ๐ก๐บ๐ฉ๐๐ช๐ญ๐ธ๐ (แนibbharฤu) or ๐ก๐บ๐ฉ๐๐ช๐ญ๐ธ (แนibbharฤ) |
| Maharastri declension of ๐ก๐บ๐ฉ๐๐ช๐ญ (neuter) | ||
|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | |
| Nominative | ๐ก๐บ๐ฉ๐๐ช๐ญ๐ (แนibbharaแน) | ๐ก๐บ๐ฉ๐๐ช๐ญ๐ธ๐๐ (แนibbharฤiแน) or ๐ก๐บ๐ฉ๐๐ช๐ญ๐ธ๐ (แนibbharฤi) |
| Accusative | ๐ก๐บ๐ฉ๐๐ช๐ญ๐ (แนibbharaแน) | ๐ก๐บ๐ฉ๐๐ช๐ญ๐ธ๐๐ (แนibbharฤiแน) or ๐ก๐บ๐ฉ๐๐ช๐ญ๐ธ๐ (แนibbharฤi) |
| Instrumental | ๐ก๐บ๐ฉ๐๐ช๐ญ๐๐ก (แนibbhareแนa) or ๐ก๐บ๐ฉ๐๐ช๐ญ๐๐ก๐ (แนibbhareแนaแน) | ๐ก๐บ๐ฉ๐๐ช๐ญ๐๐ณ๐บ (แนibbharehi) or ๐ก๐บ๐ฉ๐๐ช๐ญ๐๐ณ๐บ๐ (แนibbharehiแน) |
| Dative | ๐ก๐บ๐ฉ๐๐ช๐ญ๐ธ๐ (แนibbharฤa) | โ |
| Ablative | ๐ก๐บ๐ฉ๐๐ช๐ญ๐ธ๐ (แนibbharฤo) or ๐ก๐บ๐ฉ๐๐ช๐ญ๐ธ๐ (แนibbharฤu) or ๐ก๐บ๐ฉ๐๐ช๐ญ๐ธ (แนibbharฤ) or ๐ก๐บ๐ฉ๐๐ช๐ญ๐ธ๐ณ๐บ (แนibbharฤhi) or ๐ก๐บ๐ฉ๐๐ช๐ญ๐ธ๐ณ๐บ๐๐ข๐ (แนibbharฤhiแนto) | โ |
| Genitive | ๐ก๐บ๐ฉ๐๐ช๐ญ๐ฒ๐๐ฒ (แนibbharassa) | ๐ก๐บ๐ฉ๐๐ช๐ญ๐ธ๐ก (แนibbharฤแนa) or ๐ก๐บ๐ฉ๐๐ช๐ญ๐ธ๐ก๐ (แนibbharฤแนaแน) |
| Locative | ๐ก๐บ๐ฉ๐๐ช๐ญ๐ซ๐๐ซ๐บ (แนibbharammi) or ๐ก๐บ๐ฉ๐๐ช๐ญ๐ (แนibbhare) | ๐ก๐บ๐ฉ๐๐ช๐ญ๐๐ฒ๐ผ (แนibbharesu) or ๐ก๐บ๐ฉ๐๐ช๐ญ๐๐ฒ๐ผ๐ (แนibbharesuแน) |
| Vocative | ๐ก๐บ๐ฉ๐๐ช๐ญ (แนibbhara) or ๐ก๐บ๐ฉ๐๐ช๐ญ๐ธ (แนibbharฤ) | ๐ก๐บ๐ฉ๐๐ช๐ญ๐ธ๐๐ (แนibbharฤiแน) or ๐ก๐บ๐ฉ๐๐ช๐ญ๐ธ๐ (แนibbharฤi) |
Derived terms
- *๐ก๐บ๐ฉ๐๐ช๐ญ-๐ (*แนibbhara-แธa)
- Old Marathi: (โhard-heartedโ)
- Devanagari script: เคจเคฟเคฌเคฐเคก (nibaraแธa)
- Modi script: ๐ก๐ฒ๐ค๐จ๐ (nฤซbaraแธa)
- Old Marathi: (โhard-heartedโ)
Descendants
- Ahirani: เคจเคฟเคฌเฅเคฌเคฐ (nibbar)
- Old Marathi:
- Devanagari script: เคจเคฟเคฌเคฐ (nibara)
- Modi script: ๐ก๐ฒ๐ค๐จ (nฤซbara)
- Marathi:
- Devanagari script: เคจเคฟเคฌเคฐ (nibar)
- Modi script: ๐ก๐ฒ๐ค๐จ (nฤซbar)
- Varhadi:
- Devanagari script: เคจเคฟเคฌเคฐ (nibar)
- Modi script: ๐ก๐ฒ๐ค๐จ (nฤซbar)
- โ Old Kannada: เฒจเฒฟเฒฌเณเฒฌเฒฐ (nibbara)
References
- Sheth, Hargovind Das T[rikamcand] (1923-1928) โเคฃเคฟเคฌเฅเคญเคฐโ, in เคชเคพเคเค -เคธเคฆเฅเคฆ-เคฎเคนเคฃเฅเคฃเคตเฅ [Pฤia-Sadda-Mahaแนแนavo; lit. Ocean of Prakrit words] (in Hindi), Calcutta: [Published by the Author], page 402.
- Otto von Bรถhtlingk (1877) โเคฃเคฟเคฌเฅเคญเคฐโ, in Sanskrit-Chrestomathie (chapter โPrakrit-Indexโ) (in German), St. Petersburg: Eggers & Co., โOCLC, page 334 of 372
- Pischel, Richard, Jha, Subhadra (contributor) (1957) Comparative Grammar of the Prakrit Languages, Varanasi: Motilal Banarasidass, pages 202, 411.
- Woolner, Alfred Cooper, An Introduction to Prakritโ, Calcutta: Baptist Mission Press, 1917, page 107.
- Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969โ1985) โแนibbharaโ, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 417
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