𐌲𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌲𐌻𐌾𐌰𐌽

Gothic

Etymology

From 𐌲𐌰- (ga-) +β€Ž Proto-Germanic *naglijanΔ….

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /Ι‘aˈnaΙ‘l.jan/, [Ι‘aˈnaΙ£l.jan]

Verb

𐌲𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌲𐌻𐌾𐌰𐌽 β€’ (ganagljan) (perfective)

  1. (hapax) to nail (employ a nail as a fastener)
    • 4th Century, Wulfila (tr.), Gothic Bible: Epistle to the Colossians (Codex Ambrosianus B) 2.14:[1]
      πŒ°π†πƒπ…πŒ°πŒΉπ‚πŒ±πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πƒ πŒΈπ‰πƒ 𐌰𐌽𐌰 πŒΏπŒ½πƒ π…πŒ°πŒ³πŒΎπŒ°πŒ±π‰πŒΊπ‰πƒ π‚πŒ°πŒ²πŒΉπŒ½πŒ°πŒΌ πƒπŒ΄πŒΉπŒ½πŒ°πŒΉπŒΌ, πŒΈπŒ°π„πŒ΄πŒΉ π…πŒ°πƒ πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒ°πŒ½πŒ΄πŒΉπŒΈπ‰ πŒΏπŒ½πƒ, 𐌾𐌰𐌷 πŒΈπŒ°π„πŒ° πŒΏπƒπŒ½πŒ°πŒΌ πŒΏπƒ 𐌼𐌹𐌳𐌿𐌼𐌰𐌹 πŒ²πŒ°πŒ½πŒ°πŒ²πŒ»πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πƒ πŒΉπ„πŒ° 𐌳𐌿 𐌲𐌰𐌻𐌲𐌹𐌽,
      afswairbands þōs ana uns wadjabōkōs raginam seinaim, þatei was andaneiþō uns, jah þata usnam us midumai ganagljands ita du galgin,
      Blotting out the handwriting of ordinances that was against us, which was contrary to us, and took it out of the way, nailing it to his cross; (KJV).

Conjugation
Class 1 weak
Infinitive 𐌲𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌲𐌻𐌾𐌰𐌽
ganagljan
Indicative Present Past Present passive
1st singular 𐌲𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌲𐌻𐌾𐌰
ganaglja		 𐌲𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌲𐌻𐌹𐌳𐌰
ganaglida		 𐌲𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌲𐌻𐌾𐌰𐌳𐌰
ganagljada
2nd singular πŒ²πŒ°πŒ½πŒ°πŒ²πŒ»πŒ΄πŒΉπƒ
ganagleis		 πŒ²πŒ°πŒ½πŒ°πŒ²πŒ»πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πƒ
ganaglidΔ“s		 𐌲𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌲𐌻𐌾𐌰𐌢𐌰
ganagljaza
3rd singular 𐌲𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌲𐌻𐌴𐌹𐌸
ganagleiþ		 𐌲𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌲𐌻𐌹𐌳𐌰
ganaglida		 𐌲𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌲𐌻𐌾𐌰𐌳𐌰
ganagljada
1st dual πŒ²πŒ°πŒ½πŒ°πŒ²πŒ»πŒΎπ‰πƒ
ganagljōs		 𐌲𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌲𐌻𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿
ganaglidΔ“du		 β€”
2nd dual πŒ²πŒ°πŒ½πŒ°πŒ²πŒ»πŒΎπŒ°π„πƒ
ganagljats		 πŒ²πŒ°πŒ½πŒ°πŒ²πŒ»πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΏπ„πƒ
ganaglidΔ“duts		 β€”
1st plural 𐌲𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌲𐌻𐌾𐌰𐌼
ganagljam		 𐌲𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌲𐌻𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐌼
ganaglidΔ“dum		 𐌲𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌲𐌻𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰
ganagljanda
2nd plural 𐌲𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌲𐌻𐌴𐌹𐌸
ganagleiþ		 𐌲𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌲𐌻𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐌸
ganaglidΔ“duΓΎ		 𐌲𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌲𐌻𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰
ganagljanda
3rd plural 𐌲𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌲𐌻𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳
ganagljand		 𐌲𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌲𐌻𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐌽
ganaglidΔ“dun		 𐌲𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌲𐌻𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰
ganagljanda
Subjunctive Present Past Present passive
1st singular 𐌲𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌲𐌻𐌾𐌰𐌿
ganagljau		 𐌲𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌲𐌻𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌿
ganaglidΔ“djau		 𐌲𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌲𐌻𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌿
ganagljaidau
2nd singular πŒ²πŒ°πŒ½πŒ°πŒ²πŒ»πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπƒ
ganagljais		 πŒ²πŒ°πŒ½πŒ°πŒ²πŒ»πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπƒ
ganaglidΔ“deis		 𐌲𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌲𐌻𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌢𐌰𐌿
ganagljaizau
3rd singular 𐌲𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌲𐌻𐌾𐌰𐌹
ganagljai		 𐌲𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌲𐌻𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌹
ganaglidΔ“di		 𐌲𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌲𐌻𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌿
ganagljaidau
1st dual πŒ²πŒ°πŒ½πŒ°πŒ²πŒ»πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπ…πŒ°
ganagljaiwa		 πŒ²πŒ°πŒ½πŒ°πŒ²πŒ»πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπ…πŒ°
ganaglidΔ“deiwa		 β€”
2nd dual πŒ²πŒ°πŒ½πŒ°πŒ²πŒ»πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπ„πƒ
ganagljaits		 πŒ²πŒ°πŒ½πŒ°πŒ²πŒ»πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπ„πƒ
ganaglidΔ“deits		 β€”
1st plural 𐌲𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌲𐌻𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌼𐌰
ganagljaima		 𐌲𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌲𐌻𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌼𐌰
ganaglidΔ“deima		 𐌲𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌲𐌻𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿
ganagljaindau
2nd plural 𐌲𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌲𐌻𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌸
ganagljaiþ		 𐌲𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌲𐌻𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌸
ganaglidΔ“deiΓΎ		 𐌲𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌲𐌻𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿
ganagljaindau
3rd plural 𐌲𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌲𐌻𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌰
ganagljaina		 𐌲𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌲𐌻𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌽𐌰
ganaglidΔ“deina		 𐌲𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌲𐌻𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿
ganagljaindau
Imperative
2nd singular 𐌲𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌲𐌻𐌴𐌹
ganaglei
3rd singular 𐌲𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌲𐌻𐌾𐌰𐌳𐌰𐌿
ganagljadau
2nd dual πŒ²πŒ°πŒ½πŒ°πŒ²πŒ»πŒΎπŒ°π„πƒ
ganagljats
2nd plural 𐌲𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌲𐌻𐌴𐌹𐌸
ganagleiΓΎ
3rd plural 𐌲𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌲𐌻𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿
ganagljandau
Present Past
Participles πŒ²πŒ°πŒ½πŒ°πŒ²πŒ»πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πƒ
ganagljands		 πŒ²πŒ°πŒ½πŒ°πŒ²πŒ»πŒΉπŒΈπƒ
ganagliΓΎs

References
  1. Colossians chapter 2 Provided by Project Wulfila 2004, University of Antwerp, Belgium. Last modified on 2005-03-30 by TDH.

Further reading
  • Streitberg, Wilhelm (1910). Die gotische Bibel. Zweiter Teil: Gotisch-griechisch-deutsches WΓΆrterbuch. Heidelberg: Carl Winter’s UniversitΓ€tsbuchhandlung, p. 98
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