𐌱𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌽

Gothic

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *baidijanΔ…. Cognate with Old English bΗ£dan (β€œto compel”) and Old Norse beiΓ°a (β€œto compel”).

Verb

𐌱𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌽 β€’ (baidjan)

  1. to force, compel
    • 4th century C.E., Wulfila (attributed), Gothic Bible, Galatians 2:3:
      𐌰𐌺𐌴𐌹 𐌽𐌹𐌷 π„πŒ΄πŒΉπ„πŒΏπƒ, πƒπŒ° 𐌼𐌹𐌸 πŒΌπŒΉπƒ, πŒΊπ‚πŒ΄πŒΊπƒ π…πŒΉπƒπŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πƒ, πŒ±πŒ°πŒΉπŒ³πŒΉπŒΈπƒ π…πŒ°πƒ πŒ±πŒΉπŒΌπŒ°πŒΉπ„πŒ°πŒ½.
      akei nih teitus, sa miΓΎ mis, krΔ“ks wisands, baidiΓΎs was bimaitan.
      But neither Titus, who was with me, being a Greek, was compelled to be circumcised.
    • 4th century C.E., Wulfila (attributed), Gothic Bible, Galatians 2:14b:
      𐌾𐌰𐌱𐌰𐌹 𐌸𐌿 πŒΉπŒΏπŒ³πŒ°πŒΉπŒΏπƒ π…πŒΉπƒπŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πƒ πŒΈπŒΉπŒΏπŒ³πŒΉπƒπŒΊπ‰ πŒ»πŒΉπŒ±πŒ°πŒΉπƒ 𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐌽𐌹 πŒΉπŒΏπŒ³πŒ°πŒΉπ…πŒΉπƒπŒΊπ‰, πˆπŒ°πŒΉπ…πŒ° πŒΈπŒΉπŒΏπŒ³π‰πƒ πŒ±πŒ°πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπƒ πŒΉπŒΏπŒ³πŒ°πŒΉπ…πŒΉπƒπŒΊπ‰πŒ½?
      jabai ΓΎu iudaius wisands ΓΎiudiskō libais jah ni iudaiwiskō, Ζ•aiwa ΓΎiudōs baideis iudaiwiskōn?
      If thou, being a Jew, livest after the manner of Gentiles, and not as do the Jews, why compellest thou the Gentiles to live as do the Jews?

Conjugation
Class 1 weak
Infinitive 𐌱𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌽
baidjan
Indicative Present Past Present passive
1st singular 𐌱𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌾𐌰
baidja		 𐌱𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌹𐌳𐌰
baidida		 𐌱𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌳𐌰
baidjada
2nd singular πŒ±πŒ°πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπƒ
baideis		 πŒ±πŒ°πŒΉπŒ³πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πƒ
baididΔ“s		 𐌱𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌢𐌰
baidjaza
3rd singular 𐌱𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌸
baideiþ		 𐌱𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌹𐌳𐌰
baidida		 𐌱𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌳𐌰
baidjada
1st dual πŒ±πŒ°πŒΉπŒ³πŒΎπ‰πƒ
baidjōs		 𐌱𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿
baididΔ“du		 β€”
2nd dual πŒ±πŒ°πŒΉπŒ³πŒΎπŒ°π„πƒ
baidjats		 πŒ±πŒ°πŒΉπŒ³πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΏπ„πƒ
baididΔ“duts		 β€”
1st plural 𐌱𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌼
baidjam		 𐌱𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐌼
baididΔ“dum		 𐌱𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰
baidjanda
2nd plural 𐌱𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌸
baideiþ		 𐌱𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐌸
baididΔ“duΓΎ		 𐌱𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰
baidjanda
3rd plural 𐌱𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳
baidjand		 𐌱𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐌽
baididΔ“dun		 𐌱𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰
baidjanda
Subjunctive Present Past Present passive
1st singular 𐌱𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌿
baidjau		 𐌱𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌿
baididΔ“djau		 𐌱𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌿
baidjaidau
2nd singular πŒ±πŒ°πŒΉπŒ³πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπƒ
baidjais		 πŒ±πŒ°πŒΉπŒ³πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπƒ
baididΔ“deis		 𐌱𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌢𐌰𐌿
baidjaizau
3rd singular 𐌱𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌹
baidjai		 𐌱𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌹
baididΔ“di		 𐌱𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌿
baidjaidau
1st dual πŒ±πŒ°πŒΉπŒ³πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπ…πŒ°
baidjaiwa		 πŒ±πŒ°πŒΉπŒ³πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπ…πŒ°
baididΔ“deiwa		 β€”
2nd dual πŒ±πŒ°πŒΉπŒ³πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπ„πƒ
baidjaits		 πŒ±πŒ°πŒΉπŒ³πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπ„πƒ
baididΔ“deits		 β€”
1st plural 𐌱𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌼𐌰
baidjaima		 𐌱𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌼𐌰
baididΔ“deima		 𐌱𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿
baidjaindau
2nd plural 𐌱𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌸
baidjaiþ		 𐌱𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌸
baididΔ“deiΓΎ		 𐌱𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿
baidjaindau
3rd plural 𐌱𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌰
baidjaina		 𐌱𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌽𐌰
baididΔ“deina		 𐌱𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿
baidjaindau
Imperative
2nd singular 𐌱𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌹
baidei
3rd singular 𐌱𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌳𐌰𐌿
baidjadau
2nd dual πŒ±πŒ°πŒΉπŒ³πŒΎπŒ°π„πƒ
baidjats
2nd plural 𐌱𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌸
baideiΓΎ
3rd plural 𐌱𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿
baidjandau
Present Past
Participles πŒ±πŒ°πŒΉπŒ³πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πƒ
baidjands		 πŒ±πŒ°πŒΉπŒ³πŒΉπŒΈπƒ
baidiΓΎs

Derived terms

Further reading
  • Streitberg, Wilhelm (1910). Die gotische Bibel. Zweiter Teil: Gotisch-griechisch-deutsches WΓΆrterbuch. Heidelberg: Carl Winter’s UniversitΓ€tsbuchhandlung, p. 15
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