πŒ°π„π…πŒ°πŒ»π…πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½

Gothic

Etymology

πŒ°π„- (at-) +β€Ž *π…πŒ°πŒ»π…πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½ (*walwjan), from Proto-Germanic *walwijanΔ….

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /atˈwalwjan/

Verb

πŒ°π„π…πŒ°πŒ»π…πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½ β€’ (atwalwjan)

  1. (hapax) to roll (transitive) [+ 𐌳𐌿 (object) = up to]
    • 4th century C.E., Wulfila (attributed), Gothic Bible, Mark 15:46:
      𐌾𐌰𐌷 πŒΏπƒπŒ±πŒΏπŒ²πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πƒ 𐌻𐌴𐌹𐌽 𐌾𐌰𐌷 πŒΏπƒπŒ½πŒΉπŒΌπŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πƒ πŒΉπ„πŒ° πŒ±πŒΉπ…πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³ 𐌸𐌰𐌼𐌼𐌰 𐌻𐌴𐌹𐌽𐌰 𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐌲𐌰𐌻𐌰𐌲𐌹𐌳𐌰 πŒΉπ„πŒ° 𐌹𐌽 πŒ·πŒ»πŒ°πŒΉπ…πŒ°, πŒΈπŒ°π„πŒ΄πŒΉ π…πŒ°πƒ πŒ²πŒ°πŒ³π‚πŒ°πŒ±πŒ°πŒ½ πŒΏπƒ πƒπ„πŒ°πŒΉπŒ½πŒ°, 𐌾𐌰𐌷 πŒ°π„π…πŒ°πŒ»π…πŒΉπŒ³πŒ° πƒπ„πŒ°πŒΉπŒ½ 𐌳𐌿 πŒ³πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒ° πŒΈπŒΉπƒ πŒ·πŒ»πŒ°πŒΉπ…πŒΉπƒ.
      jah usbugjands lein jah usnimands ita biwand ΓΎamma leina jah galagida ita in hlaiwa, ΓΎatei was gadraban us staina, jah atwalwida stain du daura ΓΎis hlaiwis.
      And he bought fine linen, and took him down, and wrapped him in the linen, and laid him in a sepulchre which was hewn out of a rock, and rolled a stone unto the door of the sepulchre. (KJV)

Conjugation
Class 1 weak
Infinitive πŒ°π„π…πŒ°πŒ»π…πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½
atwalwjan
Indicative Present Past Present passive
1st singular πŒ°π„π…πŒ°πŒ»π…πŒΎπŒ°
atwalwja		 πŒ°π„π…πŒ°πŒ»π…πŒΉπŒ³πŒ°
atwalwida		 πŒ°π„π…πŒ°πŒ»π…πŒΎπŒ°πŒ³πŒ°
atwalwjada
2nd singular πŒ°π„π…πŒ°πŒ»π…πŒ΄πŒΉπƒ
atwalweis		 πŒ°π„π…πŒ°πŒ»π…πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πƒ
atwalwidΔ“s		 πŒ°π„π…πŒ°πŒ»π…πŒΎπŒ°πŒΆπŒ°
atwalwjaza
3rd singular πŒ°π„π…πŒ°πŒ»π…πŒ΄πŒΉπŒΈ
atwalweiΓΎ		 πŒ°π„π…πŒ°πŒ»π…πŒΉπŒ³πŒ°
atwalwida		 πŒ°π„π…πŒ°πŒ»π…πŒΎπŒ°πŒ³πŒ°
atwalwjada
1st dual πŒ°π„π…πŒ°πŒ»π…πŒΎπ‰πƒ
atwalwjōs		 πŒ°π„π…πŒ°πŒ»π…πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΏ
atwalwidΔ“du		 β€”
2nd dual πŒ°π„π…πŒ°πŒ»π…πŒΎπŒ°π„πƒ
atwalwjats		 πŒ°π„π…πŒ°πŒ»π…πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΏπ„πƒ
atwalwidΔ“duts		 β€”
1st plural πŒ°π„π…πŒ°πŒ»π…πŒΎπŒ°πŒΌ
atwalwjam		 πŒ°π„π…πŒ°πŒ»π…πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΏπŒΌ
atwalwidΔ“dum		 πŒ°π„π…πŒ°πŒ»π…πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒ°
atwalwjanda
2nd plural πŒ°π„π…πŒ°πŒ»π…πŒ΄πŒΉπŒΈ
atwalweiΓΎ		 πŒ°π„π…πŒ°πŒ»π…πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΏπŒΈ
atwalwidΔ“duΓΎ		 πŒ°π„π…πŒ°πŒ»π…πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒ°
atwalwjanda
3rd plural πŒ°π„π…πŒ°πŒ»π…πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½πŒ³
atwalwjand		 πŒ°π„π…πŒ°πŒ»π…πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΏπŒ½
atwalwidΔ“dun		 πŒ°π„π…πŒ°πŒ»π…πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒ°
atwalwjanda
Subjunctive Present Past Present passive
1st singular πŒ°π„π…πŒ°πŒ»π…πŒΎπŒ°πŒΏ
atwalwjau		 πŒ°π„π…πŒ°πŒ»π…πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΎπŒ°πŒΏ
atwalwidΔ“djau		 πŒ°π„π…πŒ°πŒ»π…πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπŒ³πŒ°πŒΏ
atwalwjaidau
2nd singular πŒ°π„π…πŒ°πŒ»π…πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπƒ
atwalwjais		 πŒ°π„π…πŒ°πŒ»π…πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπƒ
atwalwidΔ“deis		 πŒ°π„π…πŒ°πŒ»π…πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπŒΆπŒ°πŒΏ
atwalwjaizau
3rd singular πŒ°π„π…πŒ°πŒ»π…πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉ
atwalwjai		 πŒ°π„π…πŒ°πŒ»π…πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΉ
atwalwidΔ“di		 πŒ°π„π…πŒ°πŒ»π…πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπŒ³πŒ°πŒΏ
atwalwjaidau
1st dual πŒ°π„π…πŒ°πŒ»π…πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπ…πŒ°
atwalwjaiwa		 πŒ°π„π…πŒ°πŒ»π…πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπ…πŒ°
atwalwidΔ“deiwa		 β€”
2nd dual πŒ°π„π…πŒ°πŒ»π…πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπ„πƒ
atwalwjaits		 πŒ°π„π…πŒ°πŒ»π…πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπ„πƒ
atwalwidΔ“deits		 β€”
1st plural πŒ°π„π…πŒ°πŒ»π…πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπŒΌπŒ°
atwalwjaima		 πŒ°π„π…πŒ°πŒ»π…πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπŒΌπŒ°
atwalwidΔ“deima		 πŒ°π„π…πŒ°πŒ»π…πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπŒ½πŒ³πŒ°πŒΏ
atwalwjaindau
2nd plural πŒ°π„π…πŒ°πŒ»π…πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπŒΈ
atwalwjaiΓΎ		 πŒ°π„π…πŒ°πŒ»π…πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπŒΈ
atwalwidΔ“deiΓΎ		 πŒ°π„π…πŒ°πŒ»π…πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπŒ½πŒ³πŒ°πŒΏ
atwalwjaindau
3rd plural πŒ°π„π…πŒ°πŒ»π…πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπŒ½πŒ°
atwalwjaina		 πŒ°π„π…πŒ°πŒ»π…πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπŒ½πŒ°
atwalwidΔ“deina		 πŒ°π„π…πŒ°πŒ»π…πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπŒ½πŒ³πŒ°πŒΏ
atwalwjaindau
Imperative
2nd singular πŒ°π„π…πŒ°πŒ»π…πŒ΄πŒΉ
atwalwei
3rd singular πŒ°π„π…πŒ°πŒ»π…πŒΎπŒ°πŒ³πŒ°πŒΏ
atwalwjadau
2nd dual πŒ°π„π…πŒ°πŒ»π…πŒΎπŒ°π„πƒ
atwalwjats
2nd plural πŒ°π„π…πŒ°πŒ»π…πŒ΄πŒΉπŒΈ
atwalweiΓΎ
3rd plural πŒ°π„π…πŒ°πŒ»π…πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒ°πŒΏ
atwalwjandau
Present Past
Participles πŒ°π„π…πŒ°πŒ»π…πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πƒ
atwalwjands		 πŒ°π„π…πŒ°πŒ»π…πŒΉπŒΈπƒ
atwalwiΓΎs

Further reading
  • Streitberg, Wilhelm (1910). Die gotische Bibel. Zweiter Teil: Gotisch-griechisch-deutsches WΓΆrterbuch. Heidelberg: Carl Winter’s UniversitΓ€tsbuchhandlung, p. 168
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