๐ฐ๐น๐๐ธ๐ฐ๐บ๐ฟ๐ฝ๐ณ๐
Gothic
Etymology
Apparently from Proto-Germanic *erรพลkundaz. By surface analysis, ๐ฐ๐น๐๐ธ๐ฐ (airรพa, โearthโ) +โ -๐บ๐ฟ๐ฝ๐ณ๐ (-kunds, โborn of, coming fromโ). Often considered (e.g. by Lehmann) to be a calque of Latin terrigenus, terrigena not inherited from Proto-Germanic, by analogy with ๐ท๐น๐ผ๐น๐ฝ๐ฐ๐บ๐ฟ๐ฝ๐ณ๐ (himinakunds); the cognate Old English eorรพcund similarly may be explained as a parallel post-Proto-Germanic formation instead of an inherited cognate, but this is difficult to ascertain.
Adjective
๐ฐ๐น๐๐ธ๐ฐ๐บ๐ฟ๐ฝ๐ณ๐ โข (airรพakunds)
- (hapax, Christianity) born of the earth, earthly (as opposed to heavenly)
- Skeireins, 4:14โ15:
- ๐น๐ธ ๐๐น๐บ ๐ฐ๐น๐๐ธ๐ฐ๐บ๐ฟ๐ฝ๐ณ๐ฐ๐ฝ๐ฐ ๐พ๐ฐ๐ท ๐ฟ๐ ๐ฐ๐น๐๐ธ๐ฐ๐น ๐๐๐ณ๐พ๐ฐ๐ฝ๐ณ๐ฐ๐ฝ, ๐น๐ฝ ๐ธ๐น๐ถ๐ด๐น ๐ ๐น๐๐๐ฐ๐น ๐ผ๐ฐ๐ฝ๐ฝ๐ฐ ๐ ๐ฐ๐
- iรพ sik airรพakundana jah us airรพai rลdjandan, in รพizei wistai manna was
- but himself born of the earth, and speaking from the earth, because he was by nature a man
- Synonym: ๐ฐ๐น๐๐ธ๐ด๐น๐ฝ๐ (airรพeins)
- Antonym: ๐ท๐น๐ผ๐น๐ฝ๐ฐ๐บ๐ฟ๐ฝ๐ณ๐ (himinakunds)
- Skeireins, 4:14โ15:
Declension
A-stem | |||
---|---|---|---|
Strong (indefinite) inflection | |||
Singular | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
Nominative | ๐ฐ๐น๐๐ธ๐ฐ๐บ๐ฟ๐ฝ๐ณ๐ airรพakunds |
๐ฐ๐น๐๐ธ๐ฐ๐บ๐ฟ๐ฝ๐ณ๐ฐ airรพakunda |
๐ฐ๐น๐๐ธ๐ฐ๐บ๐ฟ๐ฝ๐ณ, ๐ฐ๐น๐๐ธ๐ฐ๐บ๐ฟ๐ฝ๐ณ๐ฐ๐๐ฐ airรพakund, airรพakundata |
Accusative | ๐ฐ๐น๐๐ธ๐ฐ๐บ๐ฟ๐ฝ๐ณ๐ฐ๐ฝ๐ฐ airรพakundana |
๐ฐ๐น๐๐ธ๐ฐ๐บ๐ฟ๐ฝ๐ณ๐ฐ airรพakunda |
๐ฐ๐น๐๐ธ๐ฐ๐บ๐ฟ๐ฝ๐ณ, ๐ฐ๐น๐๐ธ๐ฐ๐บ๐ฟ๐ฝ๐ณ๐ฐ๐๐ฐ airรพakund, airรพakundata |
Genitive | ๐ฐ๐น๐๐ธ๐ฐ๐บ๐ฟ๐ฝ๐ณ๐น๐ airรพakundis |
๐ฐ๐น๐๐ธ๐ฐ๐บ๐ฟ๐ฝ๐ณ๐ฐ๐น๐ถ๐๐ airรพakundaizลs |
๐ฐ๐น๐๐ธ๐ฐ๐บ๐ฟ๐ฝ๐ณ๐น๐ airรพakundis |
Dative | ๐ฐ๐น๐๐ธ๐ฐ๐บ๐ฟ๐ฝ๐ณ๐ฐ๐ผ๐ผ๐ฐ airรพakundamma |
๐ฐ๐น๐๐ธ๐ฐ๐บ๐ฟ๐ฝ๐ณ๐ฐ๐น airรพakundai |
๐ฐ๐น๐๐ธ๐ฐ๐บ๐ฟ๐ฝ๐ณ๐ฐ๐ผ๐ผ๐ฐ airรพakundamma |
Plural | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
Nominative | ๐ฐ๐น๐๐ธ๐ฐ๐บ๐ฟ๐ฝ๐ณ๐ฐ๐น airรพakundai |
๐ฐ๐น๐๐ธ๐ฐ๐บ๐ฟ๐ฝ๐ณ๐๐ airรพakundลs |
๐ฐ๐น๐๐ธ๐ฐ๐บ๐ฟ๐ฝ๐ณ๐ฐ airรพakunda |
Accusative | ๐ฐ๐น๐๐ธ๐ฐ๐บ๐ฟ๐ฝ๐ณ๐ฐ๐ฝ๐ airรพakundans |
๐ฐ๐น๐๐ธ๐ฐ๐บ๐ฟ๐ฝ๐ณ๐๐ airรพakundลs |
๐ฐ๐น๐๐ธ๐ฐ๐บ๐ฟ๐ฝ๐ณ๐ฐ airรพakunda |
Genitive | ๐ฐ๐น๐๐ธ๐ฐ๐บ๐ฟ๐ฝ๐ณ๐ฐ๐น๐ถ๐ด airรพakundaizฤ |
๐ฐ๐น๐๐ธ๐ฐ๐บ๐ฟ๐ฝ๐ณ๐ฐ๐น๐ถ๐ airรพakundaizล |
๐ฐ๐น๐๐ธ๐ฐ๐บ๐ฟ๐ฝ๐ณ๐ฐ๐น๐ถ๐ด airรพakundaizฤ |
Dative | ๐ฐ๐น๐๐ธ๐ฐ๐บ๐ฟ๐ฝ๐ณ๐ฐ๐น๐ผ airรพakundaim |
๐ฐ๐น๐๐ธ๐ฐ๐บ๐ฟ๐ฝ๐ณ๐ฐ๐น๐ผ airรพakundaim |
๐ฐ๐น๐๐ธ๐ฐ๐บ๐ฟ๐ฝ๐ณ๐ฐ๐น๐ผ airรพakundaim |
Weak (definite) inflection | |||
Singular | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
Nominative | ๐ฐ๐น๐๐ธ๐ฐ๐บ๐ฟ๐ฝ๐ณ๐ฐ airรพakunda |
๐ฐ๐น๐๐ธ๐ฐ๐บ๐ฟ๐ฝ๐ณ๐ airรพakundล |
๐ฐ๐น๐๐ธ๐ฐ๐บ๐ฟ๐ฝ๐ณ๐ airรพakundล |
Accusative | ๐ฐ๐น๐๐ธ๐ฐ๐บ๐ฟ๐ฝ๐ณ๐ฐ๐ฝ airรพakundan |
๐ฐ๐น๐๐ธ๐ฐ๐บ๐ฟ๐ฝ๐ณ๐๐ฝ airรพakundลn |
๐ฐ๐น๐๐ธ๐ฐ๐บ๐ฟ๐ฝ๐ณ๐ airรพakundล |
Genitive | ๐ฐ๐น๐๐ธ๐ฐ๐บ๐ฟ๐ฝ๐ณ๐น๐ฝ๐ airรพakundins |
๐ฐ๐น๐๐ธ๐ฐ๐บ๐ฟ๐ฝ๐ณ๐๐ฝ๐ airรพakundลns |
๐ฐ๐น๐๐ธ๐ฐ๐บ๐ฟ๐ฝ๐ณ๐น๐ฝ๐ airรพakundins |
Dative | ๐ฐ๐น๐๐ธ๐ฐ๐บ๐ฟ๐ฝ๐ณ๐น๐ฝ airรพakundin |
๐ฐ๐น๐๐ธ๐ฐ๐บ๐ฟ๐ฝ๐ณ๐๐ฝ airรพakundลn |
๐ฐ๐น๐๐ธ๐ฐ๐บ๐ฟ๐ฝ๐ณ๐น๐ฝ airรพakundin |
Plural | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
Nominative | ๐ฐ๐น๐๐ธ๐ฐ๐บ๐ฟ๐ฝ๐ณ๐ฐ๐ฝ๐ airรพakundans |
๐ฐ๐น๐๐ธ๐ฐ๐บ๐ฟ๐ฝ๐ณ๐๐ฝ๐ airรพakundลns |
๐ฐ๐น๐๐ธ๐ฐ๐บ๐ฟ๐ฝ๐ณ๐๐ฝ๐ฐ airรพakundลna |
Accusative | ๐ฐ๐น๐๐ธ๐ฐ๐บ๐ฟ๐ฝ๐ณ๐ฐ๐ฝ๐ airรพakundans |
๐ฐ๐น๐๐ธ๐ฐ๐บ๐ฟ๐ฝ๐ณ๐๐ฝ๐ airรพakundลns |
๐ฐ๐น๐๐ธ๐ฐ๐บ๐ฟ๐ฝ๐ณ๐๐ฝ๐ฐ airรพakundลna |
Genitive | ๐ฐ๐น๐๐ธ๐ฐ๐บ๐ฟ๐ฝ๐ณ๐ฐ๐ฝ๐ด airรพakundanฤ |
๐ฐ๐น๐๐ธ๐ฐ๐บ๐ฟ๐ฝ๐ณ๐๐ฝ๐ airรพakundลnล |
๐ฐ๐น๐๐ธ๐ฐ๐บ๐ฟ๐ฝ๐ณ๐ฐ๐ฝ๐ด airรพakundanฤ |
Dative | ๐ฐ๐น๐๐ธ๐ฐ๐บ๐ฟ๐ฝ๐ณ๐ฐ๐ผ airรพakundam |
๐ฐ๐น๐๐ธ๐ฐ๐บ๐ฟ๐ฝ๐ณ๐๐ผ airรพakundลm |
๐ฐ๐น๐๐ธ๐ฐ๐บ๐ฟ๐ฝ๐ณ๐ฐ๐ผ airรพakundam |
References
- Miller, D. Gary (2019) The Oxford Gothic Grammar, Oxford: Oxford University Press, โISBN, page 306
- Lehmann, Winfred P. (1986) โA86. airรพa-kundsโ, in A Gothic Etymological Dictionary, based on the 3rd ed. of Feistโs dictionary, Leiden: E. J. Brill, pages 18-19
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